177

Also, several such functions could be superimposed in the very same spatial regions, by using by genetically distinct lines of cells that interact mainly among themselves.

178

Later Kant claims that our minds must start with some rules like “Every change must have a cause.” Today, one might interpret this as suggesting that we’re born with frames that are equipped with slots that we tend to link to the causes of changes. In the simplest case, of course, that need could be satisfied by a link to whatever preceded the change that occurred; in later years we could learn to refine those links.

179

There is more discussion of this in web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/SymbolicVs.Connectionist.html.

180

Daniel Dennett, in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. A similar premise was prevalent before the dawn of modern genetics: that every sperm already contained a perfectly formed little personage. However, in Brainstorms, 1978, Daniel Dennett goes on to point out that, “Homunculi are bogeymen only if they duplicate entire the talents they are rung in to explain. If one can get a team or committee of relatively ignorant, narrow-minded, blind homunculi to produce the intelligent behavior of the whole, this is progress.”

181

Here we use “Model of X” as in §4-3 to mean any structure or process that one can use to answer some questions about X.

182

We’ll review some traditional ‘unified theories of psychology in §§Models Of Mind.

183

“The Trouble With Psychological Darwinism” at http://www.lrb.co.uk/v20/n02/fodo01_.html

184

See http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/witforwisdom.html

185

Greg Egan Diaspora, Millennium, 1998, ISBN 0-75280-925-3

186

Daniel Dennett in 1988, Times Literary Supplement, 16-22 ix.

187

Alfred Korzybski, Science and Sanity, (1933).

188

Ref: Adapted from an essay by Bertram Forer in http://skepdic.com/coldread.html

189

See Shawn Carlson’s double-blind study of this in Nature, Dec. 5, 1985.

190

Thus Einstein’s E=Mc2 was only a small variation of Newton’s E=Mv2, but led to major changes in the ways that we then could understand the world.

191

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