The Crimean War

England, France, Russia and Turkey Turkey and Its Resources

Urusov, Prince S. S. (adjutant to Gen Osten-Sacken)

Uspensky, Porfiry, Archimandrite

Uvarov, Sergei

Uvazhnov-Aleksandrov, Colonel, shortlived command of Soimonov’s Division

Vaillant, Marshal (French Minister of War) council of war with allied leaders (1855)

Vanson, Lt, ‘souvenirs’ of Sevastopol

Vantini, Giuseppe see Yusuf, General

Varna: British and French troops cholera outbreak drunkenness among troops fire caused by arsonists Turkish army

Verney, Sir Harry, Our Quarrel with Russia

Viazmitinov, Anatoly, in the Zherve battery

Vicars, Capt Hedley (Ninety-Seventh Regiment)

Victor Emmanuel: King of Piedmont-Sardinia war with Austria (1859) King of Italy Crimean War paintings

Victoria, Queen of Great Britain: Tsar Nicholas and description of Napoleon III political judgement of attitude to Russian invasion of Turkey comment on Clarendon abdication threat religious sympathies with Greeks sees necessity of war declaration of War on Russia (1854) knitting for soldiers calls Palmerston to form a government (1855) comments on the death of Tsar Nicholas does not trust Russian diplomatic moves not ready to end war and the Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum Napoleon III writes on alternative plans for war Serpent Island incident (1856) unhappy with the Crimean peace first Victoria Cross investiture collector of photographic memorabilia buys The Roll Call

Victoria Cross, institution of

Viel-Castel, Horace de, on France as a great power

Vienna Conference (1853), peace terms offered to Russia

Vienna Conference (1855)

Vienna, Congress of (1815)

Villafranca, secret deal (France/Austria)

Ville de France (French ship)

Vitzthum von Eckstadt, Karl Friedrich, Count (Saxon Minister to London)

Vixen (British schooner), gun-running to Circassia

Vladimir, Saint, Grand Prince of Kiev desecration of church of

Vladimirescu, Tudor

Vladivostok

Voennyi sbornik (military journal)

Volkonsky, Sergei

Voltaire, Catherine the Great and

Vorntsov, Count Semyon

Vorontsov, Prince Mikhail and Franco-Austrian peace proposals as governor-general in the Crimea palace hit by naval shells

Vyazemsky, Prince Pyotr, criticisms of the war

Walewski, Alexandre Joseph, Count (French Foreign Minister); council of war with allied leaders (1855) and Napoleon’s threat of revolutionary war Paris Peace Congress (1856) Polish independence possible peace talks with Russia Serpent Island incident (1856)

Wallachia autonomy granted (1829) cereal exports to Britain debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) hospodar ordered to reject Turkish rule preliminaries to Crimean War (1853) repressive occupation by Russians Russian occupation of (1829 – 34) Russian response to 1848 revolution see also Romania

Wallachian volunteers, desert from Russian army

war graves, Sevastopol

war memorials: in Britain in France in Sevastopol

war tourism see also Duberly, Fanny; spectators

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of

White, Charles, Turcophile pamphlets

White Sea, theatre of war

White Works redoubts (Sevastopol)

Wightman, Trooper (17th Lancers)

Williams, General William, in command in Kars

Wilson, Capt (Coldstream Gds), at Inkerman

Wilson, Sir Robert, Sketch of the Military and Political Power of Russia in the Year 1817

winter (1854 – 5); in prospect in actuality the hurricane

Wodehouse, John (British ambassador in St Petersburg)

women: attempts to Westernize Turkish womens dress by the Sultan British army wives cantinieres Dasha Sevastopolskaia (the heroine of Sevastopol) leaving Sevastopol in Sevastopol spectators at Alma spectators at Balaklava see also nurses and nursing

Wood, Midshipman Evelyn, letters home

Woods, Nicholas (war correspondent), report on Inkerman dead

Wrangel, Lt-Gen Baron (cavalry commander), at Evpatoria

Yalta Conference (1945)

Yenikale see Kerch, allied raid (1855)

Ye ilkoy see San Stefano

York, Prince Frederick, Duke of, memorial column

Young, William (British consul)

Young Turks

Ypsilantis, Alexander

Yusuf, General, of Spahis d’Orient

Zamoyski, Wladislav: Czartoryski’s agent in London the ‘Sultan’s Cossacks’

Zherve Battery, fight for possession

Zhukovsky, Vasily, tutor to Alexander II

About the Author

ORLANDO FIGES is the author of The Whisperers, Natasha’s Dance, and A People’s Tragedy, which have been translated into over twenty languages. The recipient of the Wolfson History Prize and the Los Angeles Times Book Award, among others, Figes is a professor of history at Birkbeck College, University of London.

Notes

a

According to medieval Russian chronicles, the lands of Japheth were settled by the Rus? and other tribes after the Flood in the Book of Genesis.

b

The Russians were steadily extending their system of fortresses along the Terek river (the ‘Caucasus Line’) and using their newly won protectorate over the Orthodox Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kacheti to build up a base of operations against the Ottomans, occupying Tbilisi and laying the foundations for the Georgian Military Highway to link Russia to the southern Caucasus.

c

Not to be confused with Mehmet Ali, the Egyptian ruler.

d

The name reverted to the Gold Cup after the outbreak of the Crimean War.

e

There is an obvious comparison with the Western view of Russia during the Cold War. The Russophobia of the Cold War era was partly shaped by nineteenth-century attitudes.

f