Berlin: The Downfall 1945

and hunting German officers, 300, 415–16

and Reich Chancellery and death of Hitler, 360, 380, 389, 390, 391, 398, 399

and post-war, 422, 423

Sokolovsky, Gen. V. D., 368, 369, 403

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 34, 35, 112

Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 403, 404

Spandau, 323, 356, 384, 385

citadel of, 323, 373–7

Speer, Albert, xxxiii, 9, 10, 60, 171, 431

and Hitler, 149, 157, 250, 251

and ‘Nero Order’, 156–8

and defence of Berlin, 180, 245

and Berlin Philharmonic, 188–9

and return to Berlin, 288–90

on Himmler, 293

and Germania, 355

Spremberg, 239, 245

SS

camp guards, 86, 155

Einsatzgruppen, 149

execution of political prisoners, 181

massacres in Leipzig area, 191–2

split in leadership over continuing the war, 194

Stadtmitte U-Bahn station, 371

Stalin, Joseph, V., xxxiv, 5, 15, 17, 19, 20, 29, 32, 34, 111, 413

and East Prussia, 28, 37

and Holocaust, 38, 46

and Red Army commanders, 63, 87, 127, 136, 309, 407, 423

and Yalta, 77–82, 87, 137, 143, 420

and Poland, 77, 80–82, 99–101, 143, 195, 295–6, 420

and rear areas, 107

summons Zhukov to Moscow, 136–7

and Soviet prisoners of war, 137, 166, 423

and race for Berlin, 137, 138–9, 142–5, 193–4, 210–11, 229, 232, 234, 240, 242, 265, 296, 307, 354

and Western Allies, 142, 144, 145–6, 147, 193–4, 195, 210–11, 232–3, 263, 295, 304, 307, 341, 354, 399

and change of policy on revenge, 197–8

and Oder Neisse battles, 222, 229–30, 232, 239–40, 242, 248

and assault on Berlin, 265, 296, 354, 365

and death of Hitler, 364, 369, 389, 390, 399, 400

and surrender, 368, 369, 402, 406

and fear of Zhukov, 407, 425–6, 427

and post-war Soviet Union, 422

Stalin, Col. Vasily, 427

Stalingrad, battle of, xxxiii, 1, 65, 69, 87–8, 91, 97, 138, 178, 216, 230, 316, 317, 392

Stargard tank battle, 90–91, 125

State Defence Committee, 137, 166, 325

Stauffenberg, Col. Claus Schenk Graf v., 7, 320

Stavka, 15, 25, 26, 78, 79, 80, 83, 86, 137, 144, 146, 147, 165, 211

and Oder battle, 220, 222, 229, 232, 242

and battle for Berlin, 256, 298, 390, 391

and surrender, 304, 369, 400

Steglitz, 416

Steinau bridgehead, 62, 125

Steiner, SS-Obergpfh. Felix, 89, 241, 267, 268, 269, 275, 298, 341

Stendal, 396

Stettinius, Edward R. Jnr, 401

Stolp, 47, 55, 117, 118

Strausberg, 256, 257, 260

Strecker, Gen. Karl, 68

Striegau, 126–7, 128

Stumpfegger, Dr Ludwig, 252, 357, 380, 381, 383

Stumpff, Col. Gen., 404, 405

Sturz, Gauleiter, 159

Stuttgart, 192

Sulkhanishvili, Capt. Shota, 214–15, 219, 235, 389

Supreme Headquarters Allied

Expeditionary Force Europe

(SHAEF), 146, 195–6, 202, 304, 305, 402, 429

Susloparov, Maj. Gen. Ivan, 402

Swedish diplomats and embassy, 132, 148, 173, 181, 302

Swiss Red Cross, 298, 329

T

Tangermunde, 191, 202, 396

Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur, 19, 20, 98, 140, 141, 142, 143, 403, 404, 405

Tegel, 385

Telegin, Lt. Gen. K. F., 216–17, 390

Tempelhof, 283, 287, 302, 303, 319, 321, 367, 403, 417

Teupitz, 330, 336

Thiessen, Prof. Peter, 325

Tiergarten, 282, 294, 319, 323, 340, 342, 356, 372, 384, 394, 395

Tilsit, 24

Tippelskirch, Gen. Kurt v., 148, 173, 400

Tolbukhin, Marshal F. I., 82–3

Torgau, 305, 306, 307, 374

Treptow, 297, 303, 324

Treuenbrietzen, 286, 298, 328

Truman, President Harry S., 196, 295, 305, 341, 364

Tsanava, Gen. L. F., 102, 308

Tully, Andrew, 305–7

U

Ulbricht, Walter, 418

Unter den Linden, 304

UPA (Ukrainian nationalist partisans), 100

US Air Force, 100–101, 403

and Red Army aviation incidents, 142, 296

on Elbe front, 202, 263, 285

last raids on Berlin, 249, 262

US Army