Venice is a stunning and amazing place, Bronson thought, but it also has a lot of problems.
Possibly the most beautiful city in the world, it is spread over a total of one hundred and seventeen islands set in a shallow lagoon, and its population of around sixty thousand live in a maze of streets so confusing that even natives of the city can still get lost in them. And, although it possesses some of the most outstanding architectural jewels in Italy, arguably in the world, the vast majority are slowly and inexorably sinking into the mud of the lagoon as their wooden foundations yield to the enormous weight of masonry pressing down on them. Many buildings have been abandoned; many others will suffer the same fate without very extensive – and very expensive – renovation and recovery work.
It is perhaps therefore not surprising that hotels in Venice are a long way from being the cheapest in the world.
Angela had made the booking over the Internet, and had managed to find a small hotel tucked away in the Cannaregio district, to the north of central Venice, which wasn’t charging anything like the rates demanded by some of the more central establishments. To be fair, the rooms were small and cramped, there was no lift, and the only views available from any room were of the walls of the adjacent buildings or the street outside. But, as she’d explained to Bronson, the whole point about being in Venice was to get out and see the city, not lounge around in a hotel bedroom all day, so in her opinion the views were much less important than the price.
They’d caught a vaporetto back to the Fondamente Nuove stop from the Isola di San Michele a few minutes after the two carabinieri had left with the pathologist, but Angela had stubbornly refused to show him what she’d taken from the grave until they reached the hotel.
The narrow streets were dark and silent as they walked towards their hotel, the only noise the lapping of the water in the canals beside them. There was something about the atmosphere Bronson didn’t like, and it was a relief when he saw the lights of the hotel lobby shining brightly in front of them.
‘Right, Angela,’ Bronson said, once they were safely inside their room, ‘what was it in the tomb that’s got you so excited?’
‘What we saw back there was the tomb of a vampire.’
For a few seconds, Bronson just stared at her. Then his face creased into a smile, and he laughed. ‘Of course it was,’ he said. ‘Now stop messing around and tell me what you really mean.’
Angela smiled back at him. ‘I’m being perfectly serious,’ she said. ‘Or, to be absolutely exact, the people who broke into that tomb about a century and a half ago were being perfectly serious.’
‘A vampire? But you and I both know that vampires don’t exist. Just like werewolves and krakens and golems don’t exist. They’re the product of myth and legend, nothing more than that.’
‘ We know that, here and now in the twenty-first century. But it wasn’t always that clear cut, you know.’
‘But I thought Bram Stoker more or less invented the vampire myth when he wrote Dracula in, what, the late nineteenth century?’
‘No,’ Angela said. ‘Nobody knows exactly when people first started believing in vampires, but it certainly predates the Middle Ages, and possibly dates back a lot further than that, maybe as early as the Assyrians. There’s also some suspicion that vampire-like creatures were believed to exist in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean basin as early as five thousand BC, and one of the ancient Egyptian gods – Shezmu – had what you might call vampire-like habits. He was the old god of execution, slaughter, blood and wine, and often killed people by decapitating them, putting their heads in a wine press and drinking the blood that came out.’
She paused for a moment to collect her thoughts, then spoke again. ‘If you search the literature, belief in vampires, or creatures that act in some way like vampires, seems to be endemic. Almost every culture, on every continent, has some kind of a legend of this type. And that includes places you wouldn’t normally expect, like Australasia and China, and even Mexico and the Caribbean.
‘And it wasn’t actually Bram Stoker who first wrote about it. In eighteen sixteen, almost a century before Stoker, Lord Byron was holidaying near Lake Geneva with friends and suggested they each write a ghost story. Byron came up with the idea of a tale about a vampire and one of his friends, in fact his personal physician, a man named John Polidori, picked it up and expanded it. This was the first time a vampyre – he spelt the word with a “y” instead of an “i” – had appeared in a piece of fiction written in English. But nearly a century earlier, in seventeen thirty-two, the word “vampyre” had first appeared in print in Britain, but then the word was being used as a political symbol.’
‘How come you know so much about vampires?’ Bronson demanded.
Angela grinned at him. ‘I read a lot,’ she said. ‘Anyway, what I was going to say was that even as late as the first millennium, the world was still a very mysterious place, and people were looking around for explanations for natural phenomena that we now understand perfectly. They still believed that prayers to a god or spirit, or even a sacrifice, were absolutely necessary to ensure the rising of the sun or a good harvest, and the end of winter was still greeted with relief and celebrations. That was the kind of climate in which belief in vampires first arose, when superstition and belief in supernatural events and beings were the norm, not the exception.’
‘But a bloodsucking creature of the night? Where the hell did that come from?’ Bronson objected.
‘Nobody knows. It’s been a part of the folklore of Europe, and especially of central Europe, since records began. But it’s possible that this kind of creature was first assumed to exist as a reasonable explanation for something that otherwise made no sense.’
‘Like what?’
‘Post-mortem changes to a body, for instance. If for any reason a grave was opened a short while after the burial had taken place, the people who looked at the corpse wouldn’t have understood what they were seeing. There might well be blood in and near the mouth, and the hair and nails would have grown, and the body would appear to be plump and well nourished. Medical science now knows exactly why these strange effects occur. After death, blood may be expelled from all orifices, not just the mouth, as a normal part of the decay process. The receding skin can make the hair and nails of the corpse appear longer, and the gases created by decomposition will bloat the body – you know that.’
Bronson nodded. As a policeman, he’d grown used to seeing corpses in varying stages of decay.
‘Now put yourself in the position of somebody who’s just opened a fresh grave. You see a corpse that looks well fed, with hair and nails growing, and with blood on the mouth and face. Knowing nothing about what is actually happening inside the dead body, the most reasonable explanation might be that the corpse isn’t a corpse at all, and that somehow it’s managing to escape from the grave at night and is feeding on the blood of living things, hence the blood around its mouth. And if somebody in the neighbourhood is suffering from anaemia or consumption or some other wasting disease, you might also conclude that that person was the victim. Even the unexplained deaths of cattle or sheep might be attributed to the actions of a vampire.
‘And that’s probably all it would take for the legend to be born. As far as I know, nobody knows exactly when belief in vampires first started, but it quickly spread all over Europe, and was concentrated in Hungary and the Slav countries in the early eighteenth century. It was probably those legends that Byron, and later Bram Stoker, picked up on. And we do know that the word “vampire” itself was derived from the Serbo-Croat word vampir, and it entered the English language through either French or German, probably also in the eighteenth century. It’s also true that many of the other Slavik and middle European languages, like Bulgarian and Croatian, had very similar words to describe the same phenomenon. But the actual root of the word probably comes from the Old Russian word upir, which was first recorded in the eleventh century.’
‘And what about crucifixes, garlic and a stake through the heart?’ Bronson asked.
‘You can thank Bram Stoker and Dracula for that,’ Angela said, ‘though I suppose the crucifix and the stake do make some kind of sense. A body arising from the grave to feed on the living is obviously demonic, and people might well think that such a creature would be frightened away by the symbol of the Christian religion. Driving a stake through the chest would destroy the heart and prevent it from circulating the blood, and that would kill the vampire as well. There’s another theory that impaling it with a stake would pin the vampire’s body to the earth and stop it moving.’
‘And garlic?’
‘I’ve no idea, but garlic was supposed to be a cure, or at least a preventative, for the plague, so there might be a link there. Actually, garlic’s been renowned as a deterrent against vampires in almost every culture that has legends about the creatures, but nobody seems to know why that should be. And before you ask, I’m fairly certain that vampires being destroyed by sunlight, not being visible in a mirror and not casting a shadow are all either
