and a linguist; courageous, energetic, firm, diplomatic; she was cultured, gentle, tactful, and withal, both were intensely spiritual and deeply devoted to the glorious work of soul-vvdnning. Both had been trained as missionaries, with
China as a prospective field of service. Step by step m the Providence of God, they were drawn together as life companions and then turned from the Orient to the Western plains.
During these years of beginnings, Dr. Williamson fomied the acquaintance of Stephen R. Riggs, then a young man, which culminated in a life-long alliance of love and service. During his seminary course, Mr. Riggs received a letter from his missionary friend, to which, he afterwards referred thus: ''It seems to me now, strange that he should have indicated in that letter the possible line of work open to me, which has been so closely followed. I remember especially the prominence he gave to the thought that the Bible should be translated into the language of the Dakotas. Men do sometimes yet write as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. That letter decided my going westward rather than to China.' It was a lovely day, the first of June, when this young bride and groom arrived at Fort Snelling. Though it was their honeymoon, they did not linger long in the romantic haunts of Minnehaha and the Lakes; but pressed on to Lac-qui-Parle and joined hands with the toilers there in their mighty work of laying foundations broad and deep in the wilderness, like the coral workers in the ocean depths, out of sight of man.
What a glorious trio of mission family bands were then gathered on Minnesota's lovely plains, on the shores of those beautiful lakes ! Pt»nd, Williamson, Riggs. Names that will never be forgotten while a Sioux Christian exists in earth or glory.
When the American Mission Hall of Fame shall be erected these three names will shine out high upon the dome like 'apples of gold in pictures of silver,' Pond, Williamson, Riggs. ''And a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord and that thought upon his name. * * * And they shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels.'
Chapter 11.
In 1836, within one year from the arrival of Dr. Williamson and his missionary party at Lac-qui-Parle, a church was organized, with six native members, which in 1837, consisted of 'seven Dakotas, besides half-breeds and whites, and, within five years, had enrolled forty-nine native communicants. Of this congregation Alexander G. Huggins and Joseph Renville were the ruling elders.
An adobe church edifice was erected in 1841, which for eighteen years met the wants of this people. In its belfry was hung the first church bell that ever rang out over the prairies of Minnesota, the sweet call to the worship of the Savior of the human race. The services of the church were usually held in the native language. The hymns were sung to French tunes, which were then the most popular. At the beginning, translations from the French of a portion of Scripture were read and some explanatory remarks were made by Joseph Renville.
The first school for teaching Indians to read and write in the Dakota language, was opened in December, i<S35, at lac-qui-Parle, in a conical Dakota tent, twenty feet in height.and the same in diameter. At first the men objected to being taught for various frivolous reasons, but they were persuaded to make the effort. The school apparatus was primitive and main-^ ly extemporized on the spot. Progress was slow; the
attendance small and irregular, but in the course of three months, they were able to write to each other on birch bark. Those who learned to read and wTite the langutige properly, soon became interested in the gospel. The first five men, who were gathered into tlie church, were pupils of this first school. Of the next twenty, three were pupils and fourteen wxre the kindred of its pupils. Among their descendants were three Dakota pastors and many of the most faithful and fruitful communicants.
One large log-house of five rooms, within the Renville stockade, furnished a home for the three mission families of Dr. Williamson, Rev. Stephen R. Riggs and Gideon H. Pond. One room was both church and school room for years. Under this roof the missionaries met frequently for conference, study and translation of the word of God. Here, September 30, 1844. the original Dakota Presbytery w^as organized.
For several years most of the members of this congregation were women. Once in the new and then unfinished church, edifice, more than one hundred Indian men were gathered. When urged to accept Christ and become members of this church, they replied that the church was made up of squaws. Did tlie missionaries sui) pcse the braves avouM follow tbe lead of squaws ? Ugh ! l ^^h '
For the first seven years, at Lac-qui-Parle, mission work was prosecuted, with marked success in .spite nf many grave hindrances. But for the four years following—1842-46—the work was seriously retarded].
H) AMONG THE SIOUX.
The crops failed and the savages charged their misfortunes to the missionaries. They became very ugh', and began a series of petty yet bitter persecutions a-gainst the Christian Indians and the missionaries. The children were forbidden to attend school; the women who favored the church had their blankets cut to pieces and were shut away from contact with the mission. The cattle and horses of the mission were killed, and for a season the Lord's work was stayed at Lac-qui-Parle. Discouraged, but not dismayed His serv-antfe were watchful for other opportunities of helpful service.
In 1846, the site of the present, prosperous cit}' of St. Paul, was occupied by a few shanties, owned by 'certain lewd fellows of the baser sort,' sellers of rum to the soldiers and the Indians. Nearby, scattered over the bluffs, were the teepees of Little Crow's band, forming the Sioux village of Kaposia. In 1846, Little Crow, their belligerant chieftain, was shot by his own brother, in a drunken revel. He survived the wound, but ai)parently alarmed at the influence of these modern harpies over himself and his people, he visited Fort Snelling and begged a missionary for his village. The United States agent stationed there forwarded this petition to Lac-qui-Parle with the suggestion that Dr. Williamson be transferred to Kaposia. The invitation was accepted by the doctor, so in November, 1846, he became a resident of Kaposia (now South St. Paul). To this new station, he carried the same energy, hopefulness and devotion, he had shown at the beginning. Here he remained six years, serving not only the In-
dians of Little Crow's band, but also doing great good to the white settlers, who were then gathering around the future Capital City of Minnesota. Here in 1848, he organized an Indian church of eight members. It increased to fifteen members, in 1851, when the Indians were removed.
Then followed the treaty of 1851, which was of great import, both to the white man and to the red man. By this treaty, the fertile valley of the Minnesota was thrown open for settlement to the whites. This took away from the vSioux their hunting-grounds, their cranberry marshes, their deer-parks and the graves of their ancestors. So the Dakotas of the Mississippi and lower Minnesota packed up their teepees, their household goods and gods, some in canoes, some on ponies, some on dogs, some on the women, and slowly and sadly took up their line of march towards the setting of the sun.
No sooner did the Indians move than Dr. Williamson followed them and established a new station at Yellow
