Ribas, Jose de 296
Richardson, William 152, 179–80, 183, 190, 198
Riga, Latvia 39, 153
Riger, Justus 81
Rimsky-Korsakov, Ivan 144, 243, 261
Rinaldi, Antonio 45, 104, 147–8, 179, 181, 197, 209, 210, 216, 262, 318, 319
Rogerson, Dr John 265, 266, 267, 281, 290, 315
Romanov dynasty
founded (1613) 62, 164
dynastic pretensions 66
Saltykovs and Naryshkins marry into 14
Rome 6, 254, 258, 261, 279, 306
Ropsha country estate 124, 125, 145, 315
Rosa, Madame 279
Rosicrucians 276, 277, 308
Rossbach, battle of (1757) 105, 184
Rossi, Carlo 97
Rossignol, Antoine 156
Rostokino 273
Rostov 151
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 32, 222
Rowlandson, Thomas 297
Royal Society, London 23–4
Rubens, Peter Paul 193, 304
Rulhiere, Claude Carloman de 64
Rumyantsev, Count Nikolay 323
Rumyantsev, Count Peter 154, 197, 203–4, 206, 235, 241, 242, 245, 251, 252, 281, 284, 293, 309, 321
Rumyantseva, Countess Maria 65, 73, 144, 255
Rus 54
Russia
the second emergent power in the Baltic 25
diplomatic alliance with Austria (1726) 35
C journeys to (1744) 37–40
celebrates peace with Sweden (1744) 65
financial problems 75, 121, 129
aftermath of Seven Years’ War 128–9
cultural Westernisation 152, 201
defensive alliance with Prussia (1764) 187, 250
defensive alliance with Denmark (1765) 188
C defends criticism of citizens 201
Black Sea conquests 207
conceived by Diderot as a
formal alliance with Austria (1781) 253, 269, 290
Anglo-Russian relations at an all-time low 298
commercial treaty with France (1787) 298
joins anti-French coalition (1798) 301–2
Russian Academy 199, 264, 275, 324, 326
Russian Court 35
the roots of Russia’s Baroque Court culture 71
in Moscow 10, 43, 46
ceremonials in church 16, 79–80
visits Gostilitsy 45
the Court choir 48, 150, 294
lavish presents to C on her recovery from pleurisy 49
shot through with intrigue 65
‘nocturnalisation’ of Court life 70–71
assemblies 71
dress 71, 72–3, 74
reception days 71–2
gift-giving 73
financial matters 73–5
food 80–81
Baroque survivals in C’s reign 147–8, 205, 299–300
Russian fleet 202, 287, 289, 293
Russian Law Code (1649) 157
Russian Orthodox Church
split in mid-seventeenth century 165
Peter III’s determination to confiscate Church lands 121
C’s coronation 15–16
monastic property 52, 131, 153–4
Potemkin’s links with the clergy 232
Russian Orthodoxy
C’s first experience of 48
C’s loyalty to 12, 14, 18, 149–52, 273, 312
Peter III’s contempt for Orthodox tradition 12
and C’s coronation 19, 22
C’s acceptance into 51–2, 73
a golden age of Baroque church-building 79
Elizabeth’s piety 79
services and feast days 79–80
C ready to provoke a conflict in its defence 183, 184
the cradle of Orthodoxy 285
Russian Revolution (1905) 331
Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) 35
Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) 290, 291, 293–4
Russo-Swedish War (1808–9) 320
Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) 183, 188, 195–9, 202–4, 206–11, 213, 214, 218, 224, 232, 235, 237, 238, 239, 250
Russo-Turkish War (1787–91) 280, 288–91, 294, 296–303
Ryckwaert, Cornelis 33
Rymnik River 291
Rzhevsky, Aleksey: ‘Birthday Ode’ 22
