Forbes

, June 6, 2011.

Between May 2010 and May 2011

According to the Census Bureau, real median household income was $49,445 in 2010.

Mrs. Billington’s fabulous ?10,000 income

CF e-mail correspondence with Peter Lindert, June 25, 2012.

Mickey Mantle, the New York Yankees star hitter

Baseball Almanac

, www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=mantlmi01.

Compare that with Alex Rodriguez

USA Today

Salaries database, http://content.usatoday.com/sportsdata/baseball/mlb/salaries/player/alex- rodriguez.

Adjusted for inflation, Rodriguez’s earnings

According to the Major League Baseball Players Association, the average salary for a Major Leaguer was $3,095,183 in 2011.

In a study of concert ticket prices

Alan B. Krueger, “The Economics of Real Superstars: The Market for Rock Concerts in the Material World,”

Journal of Labor Economics

23:1 (2005).

“very, very lucrative”

Chrystia Freeland, “The Rise of Private News,”

Columbia Journalism Review

, July/August 2010.

As late as 1920

Mary Schenck Woolman,

Clothing—Choice, Care, Cost

(Lippincott, 1922).

“For much of the twentieth century, labor and capital”

Roger L. Martin and Mihnea C. Moldoveanu, “Capital Versus Talent: The Battle That’s Reshaping Business,”

Harvard Business Review

, July 2003.

“In the knowledge society the employees”

Drucker, “The Age of Social Transformation.”

Wall Street investors, such as hedge fund managers

Steven N. Kaplan and Joshua Rauh, “Wall Street and Main Street: What Contributes to the Rise in the Highest Incomes?,”

Review of Financial Studies

23:3 (March 2010). pp. 1004–50.

“When I graduated from college”

CF interview with David Rubenstein, April 27, 2011.

But the real mass revolution sparked by the rise of entrepreneurial finance

Christine Harper, “Goldman CEO Blankfein Gets $67.9 Million Bonus, New Pay Record,” Bloomberg News, December 24, 2007; David Segal, “$100 Million Payday Poses Problem for Pay Czar,”

New York Times

, August 1, 2009.

We got a glimpse of that way of thinking when federal agents

Suzanna Andrews, “How Rajat Gupta Came Undone,”

Bloomberg Businessweek

, May 23, 2011.

twenty thousand people competed

Michael Klein and Michael D. Schaffer, “City Slivers Seen on Philly ‘Idol,’”

Philadelphia Inquirer

, January 17, 2008. Just 0.1% of Philadelphia contestants made it to the next round of

American Idol

auditions; in contrast, 7.1% of applicants to Harvard were admitted that year.

Merton found that scientists who published frequently

Merton, “The Matthew Effect,” pp. 56–63.

You can see the same power of accidental celebrity at work

Alan T. Sorensen, “Bestseller Lists and Product Variety,”

The Journal of Industrial Economics

55:4 (December 2007), pp. 715–38.

Matthew Salganik and Duncan Watts tested

Matthew Salganik and Duncan Watts, “Leading the Heard Astray: An Experimental Study of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in an Artificial Cultural Market,”

Social Psychology Quarterly,

vol. 71, no. 4, 2008, pp. 338–355.

sent a memo

Jeffrey Katzenberg, “The World Is Changing: Some Thoughts on Our Business,” Walt Disney Company memorandum, January 11, 1991. http://www.lettersofnote.com/2011/11/some-thoughts-on-our- business.html.

The ideas Katzenberg laid out in his 1991 memo

Eduardo Porter and Geraldine Fabrikant, “A Big Star May Not a Profitable Movie Make,”

New York Times

, August 28, 2006.

The terms of the deal were undisclosed

Bernard Weinraub, “Disney Settles Bitter Suit with Former Studio Chief,”

New York Times

, July 8, 1999.

Dick Tracy

cost Disney $47 million to produce. See James B. Stewart,

DisneyWar

(Simon & Schuster, 2005), p. 111.

“the stewards of a rich man”

Smith,

Wealth of Nations

, Book V, Chapter I, Section 107.

a seminal paper published in 1931

Gardiner C. Means, “The Separation of Ownership and Control in American Industry,”

The Quarterly Journal of Economics,

1931.

“the princes of industry”

Adolf Augustus Berle and Gardiner Coit Means,

The Modern Corporation and Private Property

(Transaction Publishers, 1932), p. 4.

“different from and often radically opposed to”

Ibid., p. 114.

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