Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 502.
Page 75 “stop misinforming people”: Sergei Vasilyev, memoirs published in the Obvodny Times, vol. 4, no. 22 (April 2007), p. 8, quoted in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 447.
Page 75 “It seems, after the dust”: Alexander Vinnikov, Tsena svobody, quoted in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 449.
Page 76 “We all found one another”: Yelena Zelinskaya, “Vremya ne zhdet,” Merkuriy, vol. 3 (1987), quoted in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 41–42.
Page 76 a living page: Vasilyev, quoted in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 447.
Page 76 a group of young Leningrad economists: Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 47, 76.
Page 77 Leningrad saw its first political rally: Ibid., pp. 51, 52, 54, 74.
Page 77 “The rules were, anyone could speak for five minutes”: Ibid., p. 632.
Page 78 start eating their lemons: Ibid., p. 633.
Page 79 a rally in memory of victims of political repression: Ibid., p. 112.
Page 79 the People’s Front: The first meeting of the People’s Front, held in Leningrad in August 1988, was attended by representatives of twenty organizations from different Russian cities and twelve more from other Soviet republics. http://www.agitclub.ru/front/frontdoc/zanarfront1. htm. Accessed Jan. 13, 2011.
Page 79 “An organization that aims”: Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 119.
Page 80 “They would gather”: Andrei Boltyansky, interview, 2008, ibid., p. 434.
Page 81 “With a cigarette dangling from her lips”: Petr Shelish, interview, 2008, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 884 of the online version.
Page 81 conflict erupted between Azerbaijan and Armenia: Thomas de Waal, Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War (New York: New York University Press, 2004).
Page 82 solidarity with the Armenian people: Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 115.
Page 82 Armenian children from Sumgait: Alexander Vinnikov, memoir, ibid., p. 450.
Page 82 Karabakh Committee: Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 126.
Page 82 Article 70: Article 70, Penal Code of the RSFSR. http://www.memo.ru/history/diss/links/st70.htm. Accessed Jan. 17, 2011.
Page 82 the last Article 70 case: Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 127.
Page 83 What the censors did not realize: Natalya Serova, interview, ibid., p. 621.
Page 83 a new election law: http://pravo.levonevsky.org/baza/soviet/sssr1440.h tm. Accessed Jan. 17, 2011.
Page 83 A committee called Election-89: A flyer put out by the committee Election-89; reproduced in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 139–40.
Page 84 “I have a dream”: Anatoly Sobchak, Zhila-Byla Kommunisticheskaya partiya, pp. 45–48, cited in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 623.
Page 85 “Get that away from me”: Yury Afanasiev, interviewed by Yevgeni Kiselev on Echo Moskvy, 2008. http://www.echo.msk.ru/programs/all/548798-echo/. Accessed Jan. 18, 2011.
Page 86 Tens, possibly hundreds, of thousands: Alexander Nikishin, “Pokhorony akademika A. D. Sakharova,” Znamya, no. 5 (1990), pp. 178– 88.
Page 86 Thousands of people fell into formation: “A. D. Sakharov,” Voskreseniye, vol. 33, no. 65. http://piter.anarhist.org/fevral12.htm. Accessed Jan. 18, 2011.
Page 87 his last time up on the podium: Alexander Vinnikov, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 453.
Page 87 “The following day”: Marina Salye, interview, 2008, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 615–16.
Page 88 she needed immunity from prosecution: Ibid.
Page 89 “That is not your seat”: Igor Kucherenko, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 556.
Page 90 the first meeting of the first democratically elected: Alexander Vinnikov, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, online version only, pp. 568– 69.
Page 90 “It was fantastical”: Viktor Voronkov, interview, 2008, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 463.
Page 90 “an acute sense of democracy”: Nikolai Girenko, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 473.
Page 90 “The Mariinsky took on the look”: Viktor Veniaminov, memoir, Avtobiografiya Peterburgskogo gorsoveta, p. 620, cited in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 449.
Page 90 “People had so longed to be heard”: Bella Kurkova, memoir, in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 552.
Page 91 “I wish someone”: Author interview with Marina Salye, March 14, 2010.
Page 91 “could derail a working meeting”: Vladimir Gelman, interview, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 471.
Page 92 he opposed changing the name: Dmitry Gubin, “Interview predsedatelya Lenosveta A. A. Sobchaka,” Ogonyok, no. 28 (1990), cited in Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, p. 269.
Page 92 honored their agreement: Alexander Vinnikov, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 453–54.
Page 92 “We realized our mistake”: Author interview with Marina Salye, March 14, 2010; Vinnikov, memoir, Obshchestvennaya zhizn’, pp. 453– 54.
Page 93 “There were officers”: Bakatin, p. 138.
Page 94 “The KGB, as it existed”: Ibid., pp. 36–37.
