Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

, July 14, 1938; “Finland Okays Olympic Games,”

Lowell

(Mass.)

Sun

, July 19, 1938.

17

Louie’s indoor races: “Fenske Outruns Zamperini by Three Yards,”

Fresno Bee

, February 18, 1940; “Fenske Again Beats Best U.S. Milers,”

Oakland Tribune

, February 18, 1940; “Fenske’s Brilliant Millrose Victory Stamps Him ‘King of Milers,’ ”

Nebraska State Journal

(Lincoln), February 5, 1940; Paul Scheffels, “4 Minute Mile Run Is Closer,”

Modesto

(Calif.)

Bee

, February 14, 1940.

18

Indoor versus outdoor records: Jon Hendershott, associate editor,

Track and Field News

, email interview, May 6, 2009; Wally Donovan,

A History of Indoor Track and Field

(El Cajon, Calif.: Edward Jules Co., 1976), p. 294; “History of the Record for the Mile Run,” InfoPlease,

www.infoplease.com

(accessed July 9, 2004).

19

Japan’s economic plight, ambitions, preparations: David James,

The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire

(London: George Allen and Unwin, 1951), pp. 6–17, 119–27, 168, 173; Iris Chang,

The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II

(London: Penguin Books, 1998), pp. 25–38.

20

“There are superior”: John W. Dower,

War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War

(New York: Pantheon Books, 1993), p. 217.

21

“plant the blood”: Ibid., p. 277.

22

Military-run schools, soldier training: Chang, pp. 29–32, 57; James Bradley,

Flyboys

(New York: Little, Brown, 2003), pp. 34–36.

23

“Imbuing violence”: Chang, p. 218.

24

Stadium partially collapsed: Lon Jones, “War Cheats Trojans: Olympic Chances Lost,”

Los Angeles Examiner

, February 28, 1940.

25

Lehtinen gives medal: “Lauri Lehtinen,” All Experts,

http://en.allexperts.com/e/l/la/lauri_lehtinen.htm