Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

Stars and Stripes

, October 20, 1949; “All Known Japanese War Criminals Brought to Trial,”

Independent

(Long Beach, Calif.), October 20, 1949.

22

Sentences reduced: “War Criminal Is Due Parole,”

Lubbock Evening Journal

, March 7, 1950.

23

Treaty of Peace and reparations: Gary Reynolds,

U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan

, Congressional Research Service, December 17, 2002, pp. 3–9, 9–10.

24

Order for apprehension revoked: Mutsuhiro Watanabe, “I Do Not Want to Be Punished by America,”

Bingei Shunjyu

, April 1956, translated from Japanese.

25

War criminals paroled, amnesty declared: Daws, p. 373; “U.S. Pardons Last 83 Japan War Criminals,”

Stars and Stripes

, December 31, 1958.

26

Watanabe blames war, not self: Mutsuhiro Watanabe, “I Do Not Want to Be Punished by America,”

Bingei Shunjyu

, April 1956, translated from Japanese.

27

“I was just in a great joy”: Ibid.

28

Watanabe’s postexile life: Lyon, p. 63; Martindale, p. 250.

29

Visited America, rumors that the Bird is alive: Draggan Mihailovich, email interview, August 3, 2007; Martindale, p. 249.

30

Daily Mail

interviews with the Bird, Wade: Peter Hadfield and Clare Henderson, “Deathcamp Monster Finally Says I’m Sorry,”

Daily Mail

(London), August 20, 1995.

31

Naoetsu park movement: Yoshi Kondo, email interview, February 14, 2009; Shoichi Ishizuka, “About Naoetsu POW Camp,”

Gaiko Forum

, June 2006.

32

Mihailovich seeks the Bird, interview: Draggan Mihailovich, email interview, August 3, 2007; CBS Television, “48 Hours: Race to Freedom,” 1998.

33

Louie writes to the Bird: Louis Zamperini, letter to Mutsuhiro Watanabe, May 19, 1997; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

34

The Bird refuses to see Louie: Draggan Mihailovich, email interview, August 3, 2007.

35

Watanabe dies: Yuichi Hatto, written interview, July 16, 2004.