ZetaTalk: Science

clings it will eventually be too heavy for anything but land or the sea floor. If it is a liquid at the temperatures normal

for the Earth it will find its way into the water systems, there to be evenly disbursed if water soluble or if not soluble to

form a separate layer in the water body such as oil on top or liquid mercury below.

An atmosphere is composed of those elements which can remain free or clump only to form tiny molecules, so big and

no larger. Water vapor is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, and the three elements form a tight

band with little tendency to clump or cling unless other factors present. Similarly, any combination of elements that is

discrete will remain airborne. These tiny elements or discrete groupings of elements can include heavy metals, as the

winds that carry radioactivity across the land and sea after a nuclear explosion attest. Elements capable of being

radioactive are some of the heaviest known to man, yet there they are, wafting aloft.

The composition of atmospheres is dependent on wind action and air currents also. Some elements or groupings would

move lower within the atmosphere due to their relative weight, and some rise, due to being light, were the atmospheric

soup not constantly stirred. The Albatross, a giant bird of no small weight, soars almost endlessly on air currents above

the waves, its wings not moving for hours at a time. Atmospheric currents are affected by the warmth or coolness of

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ZetaTalk: Atmosphere Building

the land or sea mass underneath, the density of air masses nearby, the pressure of any air masses moving toward or

away from the spot, and the temperature of the air mass itself as it is warmed by the Sun or cooled on the dark side of

the Earth - constantly stirred.

Thus, one should take care what they spew into the air - as it does not simply blow away.

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ZetaTalk: Sonic Booms

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ZetaTalk: Sonic Booms

Note: written on Oct 15, 1997.

Sonic booms occur, as you know, when air masses are split and then clap together. This occurs during thunderstorms

also, after lightning superheats the air so that a semi-vacuum occurs. The air turbulence around a plane about to create

a sonic boom is a combination of air pressure in front of the nose or wing, air pressure to the sides of the nose or

above or below the wing, and a subsequent lack or pressure behind the wing or tail of the plane. Please note this

uneven pressure, as it is the very same mechanism that causes thunder clapping. During thunder, lightning superheats

the air it travels through, causing expansion in the path traveled by the lighting. After the electricity stops flowing, the

state of the air is that superheated air has pushed away from the lightning path, creating a high pressure area at the

sides, and where the lightning passed there is now low pressure. The sides both move toward the low pressure,

resulting in two blocks of air bumping into each other and ricocheting away to eventually hit windows or ear drums and

result in comment about the thunder clap.

When airplanes “break the sound barrier” they are simply moving fast enough to create turbulence of a sufficient

degree that the air pressure closing in on relatively low air pressure places claps together, creating a reverberation that

moves toward human ears. Same principle as thunder, different reason for the air turbulence. Such a mass is one or

more of these high pressure masses moving outward from the fast moving plane or ricocheting off the earth and

returning to meet another high pressure air mass or flowing, as air masses will, to the place of least resistance, inward

toward the low pressure areas behind the plane’s wind and tail. Why do you suppose the term is “breaking” the sound

barrier, and not “reaching” the sound barrier if the sonic booms continue at all speeds?

Humans have reasoned that the lack of continuous booming is due to the plane accelerating and climbing, so that

booms occur at low altitudes and the lack of booms at high altitudes is due to the air turbulence dispersing or perhaps

the air being thinner. Rapidly traveling planes slice the air, reducing the disturbance they cause, where the plane

approaching the sonic boom point is pushing the air ahead of it, creating turbulence behind the plane and uneven

pressure around it. Planes going greater than supersonic speed no long cause a continuing sonic boom, as you also well

know. They zoom along, none the wiser on the ground unless they look up. This lack of clapping is due to slicing,

rather than pushing, the air masses apart. Cutting with a sharp knife versus cutting with the edge of a fork. With a

razor sharp knife, the mass being cut does not move, but with a dull fork, the mass being cut drags back and forth,

dragging all attached back and forth with it.

Entertain for a moment the sounds caused by drums, large and small. The booming of the base drum is cause by the

broad area vibrating, creating vibrations that cause relatively large masses of air to move at once, where the tiny drum

can barely be heard as it is moving a small air mass and the vibration is relatively rapid. If the vibration gets rapid

enough, the ear does not hear it at all, as the ear drum cannot vibrate in sync. Likewise very low frequency sounds are