Moscow, December 25, 1991

263

12 Powell, My American Journey, 546.

264

1 ARD German television, cited in FBIS Daily Resort, December 30, 1991, reported Yeltsin’s second thoughts on allowing broadcast.

265

2 Shaposhnikov, Vybor, diary entry for December 25, 1991.

266

3 Gorbachev, Memoirs, 865–866.

267

4 Interview with Schmemann, April 2010.

268

5 Clarity, “No One Said Hurrah as History Was Made”; Clines, “End of the Soviet Union”; Dobbs, “Gorbachev Resignation Ends Soviet Era.”

269

6 Interviews with Caudill, Johnson, Loory, Hurst, and Grachev, autumn 2009.

270

7 Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 459.

271

8 Rosenthal, “Bush Reluctantly Concludes Gorbachev Tried to Cling to Power Too Long.”

272

9 New China News Agency report, December 25, 1991.

273

10 Interview with Shushkevich, January 2010.

274

1 Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev, 399.

275

2 Colton, Yeltsin, 391.

276

3 Shulgan, The Soviet Ambassador, 14-15.

277

4 Odom, The Collapse of the Soviet Military, 439.

278

5 Dunlop, The Rise of Russia, 9.