development of British atomic bomb.

Pervukhln, Mikhail Georgievich (purr-view'-kin, mee'-kile gay-or-gee-ave'- veetch). Soviet electrical engineer; People's Commissar of the Chemical Industry.

Petrzhak, Konstantin A. (pet'-er-zak, cone'-stan-teen). Soviet physicist; co-discoverer with Georgi Flerov in 1940 of spontaneous fission of uranium.

Philby, Kim. British intelligence officer; member of the Cambridge Five; Soviet espionage agent.

Pike, Sumner. US Atomic Energy Commission commissioner; sardine czar.

Pitzer, Kenneth. Berkeley chemist and US Atomic Energy Commission Director of Research.

Placzek, George (plot'-zeck). Bohemian emigrt: physicist; advised Hans Bethe against hydrogen-bomb work.

Pomeranchuk, Isaak (pome-air-ahn'-chook, ees-sah-ahk’). Soviet physicist; co-author of 1946 thermonuclear weapon proposal Utilization of the nuclear energy of the light elements.

Pontecorvo, Bruno. Italian physicist; Soviet espionage agent working in Canada during the Second World War and at Harwell in England afterward; defected to the USSR in 1950.

Poskrebyshev, A. N. (pose-kreb-bee-choff’) Principal aide to Josef Stalin.

Powell, Lewis F., Jr. Wartime USAAF intelligence officer; later Associate Justice, US Supreme Court.

Power, Thomas. USAF officer; succeeded Curtis LeMay as commanding general of SAC.

Rabi, 1.1, (rah'-bee). American experimental physicist; Nobel laureate.

Rabinovich, Matvei S. (rah-been'-o-veetch, maht'-vay). Soviet physicist; Sakharov classmate at FLAN.

Raines, George. US Navy physician; treated James Forrestal.

Ramey, Roger. US Air Force officer; commanded one of SAC's air forces under Curtis LeMay.

Reston, James. New York Times correspondent and columnist.

Rhee, Syngman. First President of the Republic of Korea, 1948–1960.

Richtmyer, Robert. American theoretical physicist; at postwar Los Alamos, planned computer program analyzing fission explosion.

Rickenbacker, Eddie. First World War US air ace.

Rickover, Hyman. US Navy officer; pioneered nuclear submarine.

Ridgway, Matthew. US Army officer; succeeded Douglas MacArthur as Far Eastern commander.

Riehl, Nikolaus (reel). German metallurgist; as war prisoner, taught Soviets uranium purification.

Ritus, V. I. (ree'-toos). Soviet theoretical physicist at Sarov.

Robb, Roger. Counsel to security board during Oppenheimer security hearing.

Robertson, Norman. Deputy to Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King.

Roentgen, Wilhelm. German physicist who discovered X rays; Nobel laureate.

Romanov, Yuri A. (rho-mahn'-off, you'-ree). Soviet physicist; colleague of Sakharov at Sarov.

Roosevelt, Franklin D. Thirty-second President of the United States, 1933–1945.

Rose, Fred. Communist member of Canadian parliament; Soviet espionage agent.

Rosen, Louis. American physicist at Los Alamos who measured fusion neutrons from Greenhouse George shot.

Rosenberg, Ethel (Ethel Greenglass). David Greenglass's sister; Mrs. Julius Rosenberg; convicted of espionage and executed at Sing Sing in 1953.

Rosenberg, Harry. Julius Rosenberg's father.

Rosenberg, Julius. American engineer and Soviet espionage agent; convicted of espionage and executed at Sing Sing in 1953.

Rosenberg, Sofie. Julius Rosenberg's mother.

Rosenberg, Suzanne. Canadian raised in USSR; author of A Soviet Odyssey (1988).

Rosenbluth, Marshall. American theoretical physicist; worked on Mike design.

Rowe, Hartley. Engineer; member of General Advisory Committee.

Rusinov, Lev (roos'-ee-noff, leff). Soviet physicist; with Georgi Flerov, measured secondary neutrons from fission in April 1939.

Rutherford, Ernest. New Zealand-born experimental physicist who discovered atomic nucleus; Nobel laureate.

Sachs, Alexander. Economist who predicted Korean War.

Sagdeev, Roald (sahg-day'-eff, rho'-ald). Russian astrophysicist.

Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich (sock'-ah-roff, ahn'-drey dih-mee-tree-a'- veetch). Soviet theoretical physicist; inventor of the “layer-cake” hydrogen bomb; co-inventor with Yakov Zeldovich of the Soviet staged, radiation-imploded hydrogen bomb; prominent dissident; Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Sarant, Alfred. American electrical engineer associated with Julius Rosenberg; defected to USSR; as Filpp Staros, directed computer development at Leningrad Design Bureau.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. French existential philosopher and Communist.

Sarytchev, Filipp (sahr'-eet-cheff, fee-leep’). Soviet espionage agent who visited Harry Gold in September 1949.

Saypol, Irving. US prosecuting attorney who prosecuted the Rosenbergs.

Schied, Beatrice. Acquaintance of Harry Gold at Pennsylvania Sugar.

Schmidt, Helmut. Chancellor of West Germany, 1974–1984.

Schreiber, Raemer. American experimental physicist. Alternate division leader for atomic weapon engineering at Los Alamos, 1947–1951; division leader, 1951–1962. Los Alamos Deputy Director, 1972– 1975.

Seaborg, Glenn T. American radiochemist; co-discoverer of plutonium; Nobel laureate.

Segre, Emilio. Italian emigre physicist; Los Alamos group leader; Nobel laureate.

Semenov, N. N. (same-yawn'-off). Soviet physicist and chemist; Nobel laureate.

Semenov, Semen N. (same-yawn'-off, same'-yawn) (“Sam”). MIT graduate engineer; Soviet espionage agent who controlled Harry Gold, 1940–1943.

Serber, Charlotte. Los Alamos librarian in wartime. The first Mrs. Robert Serber.

Serber, Robert. American theoretical physicist; directed design of Little Boy uranium gun bomb. Shawcross, Hartley. British Attorney General; prosecutor at Klaus Fuchs's trial.

Shchelkin, Kirill (shh-chel'-keen, keer'-eel). Soviet physicist; deputy to Yuli Khariton.

Sherer, P. M. Father of Greenglasses’ Albuquerque landlady.

Sherr, Rubby. American physicist; co-inventor with Klaus Fuchs of advanced initiator.

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