Stalin: A Biography

6. M. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 87. Stalin also made exculpatory remarks about Red Army soldiers to a Czechoslovak delegation on 28 March 1945: ‘Proidet desyatok let, i eti vstrechi ne vosstanovish’ uzhe v pamyati. Dnevnikovye zapisi V. A. Malysheva’, p. 127.

7. See the text in Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no. 3 (2000), p. 181.

8. Ibid.

9. See J. Erickson, The Road to Berlin, pp. 606–16.

10. See D. Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 125.

11. See ibid., p. 124.

12. Ibid., p. 126.

13. Ibid., p. 128.

14. Ibid., pp. 128–9.

44. Victory!

1. I have taken this account from A. Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945, p. 969; J. Bardach and K. Gleeson, Surviving Freedom, p. 95.

2. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 175.

3. N. S. Khrushchev, ‘Memuary Nikity Sergeevicha Khrushcheva’, Voprosy istorii, no. 7–8 (1991), p. 100.

4. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 16, p. 197.

5. Ibid., p. 198.

6. Pravda, 25 May 1945.

7. G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, vol. 3, pp. 308. Zhukov’s information came from Stalin’s son Vasili.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid., p. 309.

10. Pravda, 27 June 1945.

11. S. G. Wheatcroft and R. W. Davies, ‘Population’, p. 78.

12. Ye. Zubkova, Obshchestvo i reformy, 1945–1964, p. 43.

13. Vostochnaya Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov, 1945–1953 gg., vol. 1, p. 132. The date of the Moscow discussion was 9 January 1945.

14. Ibid., pp. 456–7. The meeting occurred on 22 May 1946.

15. Ibid., p. 132.

45. Delivering the Blow

1. V. Alliluev, Khronika odnoi sem’i: Alliluevy. Stalin, p. 218. See Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, p. 472; Y. Gorlizki and O. Khlevniuk, Cold Peace. Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953, p. 177.

2. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, 1945–1953, p. 398.

3. A. S. Belyakov’s recollections of A. A. Zhdanov’s oral account of a meeting of central party leaders: G. Arbatov, Svidetel’stvo sovremennika, p. 377.

4. See V. Zemskov, ‘Prinuditel’nye migratsii iz Pribaltiki’, pp. 13–14.

5. See E. Bacon, The Gulag at War, pp. 93–4.

6. N. A. Antipenko, Ryadom s G. K. Zhukovym i K. K. Rokossovskim, p. 71.

7. F. Gori and S. Pons (eds), The Soviet Union and Europe in the Cold War, 1943– 1953, especially the account by A. Filitov, pp. 5–22.

8. Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, pp. 148–9.

9. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, pp. 176–7.

10. See A. Applebaum, Gulag, pp. 424–5; Y. Gorlizki and O. Khlevniuk, Cold Peace. Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953, pp. 127–9.

11. It must be added, however, that Stalin did not repeat his paean to the Russians even on this occasion: perhaps he was getting worried about over-encouragement of Russian nationalism: Pravda, 7 September 1947.

12. For examples see Resheniya partii i pravitel’stva po khozyaistvennym voprosam, vol. 3, pp. 350 ff.

13. See A. Pyzhikov, Khrushchevskii ‘ottepel’’, p. 19.

14. See A. Nove, Economic History of the USSR, p. 308.

15. See W. Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, p. 201.

16. N. S. Khrushchev, ‘Memuary Nikity Sergeevicha Khrushcheva’, Voprosy istorii, no. 11 (1991), p. 38.

17. See R. Service, Lenin: A Biography, pp. 88–9. I am grateful to Mark Harrison for the point about Stalin’s assumption about the peasantry.

18. See the forthcoming book on post-war Soviet youth by J. Fuerst.

19. The exception, after the war, was Nikolai Voznesenski: see below, p. 535.

20. See above, pp. 294–7.

21. See below, p. 522.

22. See G. Bordyugov, ‘Ukradennaya pobeda’; Ye. Zubkova, ‘Obshchestvennaya atmosfera posle voiny (1945–1946)’, p. 12; D. Filtzer, Soviet Workers and Late Stalinism, pp. 1–5.

46. The Outbreak of the Cold War

1. See M.P. Leffler, A Preponderance of Power, pp. 56–9.

2. See ibid., pp. 19 and 115.

3. Ibid., p. 148.

4. Vostochnaya Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov, 1944–1953 gg., vol. 1, p. 673.

5. Quoted by R. Pikhoya, Sovetskii Soyuz: istoriya vlasti, 1945–1991, p. 26.

6. Vostochnaya Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov, 1944–1953 gg., vol. 1, p. 673.

7. Ibid., pp. 673–5.

8. The Cominform: Minutes of the Three Conferences, pp. 270 ff.

9. M. G. Pervukhin, ‘Kak byla reshena atomnaya problema v nashei strane’, p. 133.

10. Ibid.

11. See above, p. 95.

12. See D. Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 211.

13. See V. Zubok and C. Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War, pp. 58–9.

14. Quoted in ibid., p. 59.

15. Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, p. 118.

47. Subjugating Eastern Europe