Othello, p. 55.28. Clement Scott, “Othello: Irving as Iago,” in The Bells to King Arthur (1896), pp. 207–9.29. Dutton Cook, “Othello at the Lyceum,” in The Academy, Volume XIX, No. 470, 7 May 1881, pp. 344–5.30. Herbert Farjeon, “A Back-Stage Tragedy,” in his The Shakespearean Scene: Dramatic Criticisms (1949), pp. 165–7.31. Margaret Webster, Don’t Put Your Daughter on the Stage (1972), pp. 106–7.32. Raymond Mortimer, “Othello at the Old Vic,” The New Statesman & Nation, Volume XV, No. 365, 19 February 1938, p. 287.33. Eric Keown, review of Othello, Punch, Volume CCXXI, No. 5792, 31 October 1951, p. 500.34. John Cottrell, “Acting for Acting’s Sake,” in his Laurence Olivier (1975), pp. 336–47.35. Robert Speaight, “Shakespeare in Britain,” Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume XV, No. 4, 1964, pp. 377–89.36. Ronald Bryden, “Olivier’s Moor,” New Statesman, Volume LXVII, No. 1729, 1 May 1964, p. 696.37. Hankey, Othello, p. 89.38. Hugh Quarshie, Second Thoughts About Othello, International Shakespeare Association, Occasional Paper 7, 1999.39. Howard Taubman, “James Earl Jones is Cast as the Moor,” The New York Times, 15 July 1964, p. L29.40. Barbara Hodgdon, “Race-ing Othello,” in The Shakespeare Trade: Performances and Appropriations (1998), p. 26.41. Judith Buchanan, “Virgin and Ape, Venetian and Infidel: Labellings of Otherness in Oliver Parker’s Othello,” in Shakespeare, Film Fin de Siecle, ed. Mark Thornton Burnett and Ramona Wray (2000), pp. 179–202.42. Rita Kempley, review in Washington Post, 29 December 1995.43. Observer, 12 April 1959 (MacLiammoir played Iago to Orson Welles’ Othello in the 1952 film of the play).44. Anne Barton, “Hell and Night,” Othello RSC programme, 1979.45. Michael Billington, Guardian, 26 August 1989.46. Bob Peck, Othello, in Roger Sales (ed.), Shakespeare in Perspective, Volume Two, 1985.47. Donald Sinden on playing Othello, in Judith Cook, Shakespeare’s Players, 1983.48. Sello Maake Ka-Ncube on playing Othello, RSC Online Playguide, 2004.49. Kate Bassett, Independent on Sunday, 22 February 2004.50. Antony Sher and Sello Maake Ka-Ncube discuss acting in Othello, Guardian, 25 May 2004.51. Ray Fearon in interview with Nicci Gerrard, Observer Magazine, 25 April 1999.52. Benedict Nightingale, The Times, 23 April 1999.53. Trevor Nunn in interview, Independent, 17 August 1989.54. Anne Barton, Times Literary Supplement, 8 September 1989.55. Ben Kingsley and David Suchet in interview with Lesley Thornton, Observer Colour Magazine, 22 September 1985.56. John Higgins, The Times, 21 September 1985 (this portrait was used on the program cover).57. John Barber, Daily Telegraph, 26 September 1985.58. Michael Billington, Guardian, 26 September 1985.59. Martin Wine, Othello: Text and Performance, 1984.60. Norman Sanders note, Othello RSC program, 1989.61. Billington, Guardian, 26 September 1985.62. Michael Coveney, Financial Times, 26 September 1985.63. Stanley Wells, Times Higher Educational Supplement, 4 October 1985.64. Julia Trevelyan Oman, “The Design,” Othello RSC program, 1971.65. Ronald Bryden, Observer, 12 September 1971.66. Michael Billington, Guardian, 23 April 1999.67. Nicholas de Jongh, Evening Standard, 19 February 2004.68. Barton, Times Literary Supplement, 8 September 1989.69. Michael Billington, Guardian, 26 August 1989.70. Anne Barton, Times Literary Supplement, 8 September 1989.71. Benedict Nightingale, Times, 20 February 2004.72. Gareth Lloyd Evans, Guardian, 10 January 1971.73. Norman Sanders, note, Othello RSC program, 1989.74. Virginia Mason Vaughan, Othello: A Contextual History, 1994.75. Michael Billington, Guardian, 20 February 2004.76. Benedict Nightingale, The Times, 20 February 2004.77. Michael Billington, Guardian, 23 April 1999.78. Nightingale, The Times, 20 February 2004.79. John Peter, Sunday Times, 29 February 2004.80. Coveney, Financial Times, 26. September 1985.81. Patrick Carnegy, Spectator, 1 May 1999.82. Michael Billington, Guardian, 8 August 1979.83. Christopher Edwards, Spectator, 2 September 1989.84. Barton, Times Literary Supplement, 8 September 1989.85. Frank Marcus, Sunday Telegraph, 12 September 1971 (his description of Elizabeth Spriggs’ performance).86. “Othello,” in Keith Parsons and Pamela Mason, Shakespeare in Performance, 1995.87. The promptbook notes: NB Emilia says Desdemona’s lines as she mouths them.88. Parsons and Mason, Shakespeare in Performance.89. Ben Kingsley and David Suchet in interview with Lesley Thornton, Observer Colour Magazine, 22 September 1985.90. Bob Peck, Othello, in Roger Sales (ed.), Shakespeare in Perspective, Volume Two.91. Barton, “Hell and Night.”92. Steve Grant, Observer, 12 August 1979.93. Sheridan Morley, Punch, 22 August 1979.94. Richard McCabe, “Iago in Othello,” in Robert Smallwood (ed.), Players of Shakespeare 5, 2003.95. Ibid.96. John Peter, Sunday Times, 29 February 2004.97. Billington, Guardian, 26 September 1985.98. Wells, Times Higher Educational Supplement, 4 October 1985.99. Irving Wardle, The Times, 25 September 1985.100. Michael Billington, Country Life, 7 September 1989.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PICTURE CREDITSPreparation of “Othello in Performance” was assisted by a generous grant from the CAPITAL Centre (Creativity and Performance in Teaching and Learning) of the University of Warwick for research in the RSC archive at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funded a term’s research leave that enabled Jonathan Bate to work on “The Director’s Cut.”Picture research by Michelle Morton. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust for assistance with picture research (special thanks to Helen Hargest) and reproduction fees.Images of RSC productions are supplied by the Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive, Stratford-upon-Avon. This Library, maintained by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, holds the most important collection of Shakespeare material in the UK, including the Royal Shakespeare Company’s official archive. It is open to the public free of charge.For more information see www.shakespeare.org.uk.1. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun, Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I, 1600, reproduced courtesy of the University of Birmingham Collection © the University of Birmingham2. Sarah Siddons (1785) Reproduced by permission of the Royal Shakespeare Company3. Edmund Kean (1814) Reproduced by permission of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust4. Paul Robeson and Peggy Ashcroft (1930) Reproduced by permission of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust5. Directed by Ronald Eyre (1979) Joe Cocks Studio Collection © Shakespeare Birthplace Trust6. Directed by Gregory Doran (2004) Manuel Harlan © Royal Shakespeare Company7. Directed by Trevor Nunn (1989) Joe Cocks Studio Collection © Shakespeare Birthplace Trust8. Directed by Michael Attenborough (1999) Malcolm Davies © Shakespeare Birthplace Trust9. Directed by Gregory Doran (2004) © Stewart Hemley10. Reconstructed Elizabethan playhouse © Charcoalblue
THE MODERN LIBRARY EDITORIAL BOARDMaya Angelou
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Salman Rushdie
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Gore
