The Eleventh Day

, 9/11/01;

10 “real loud”/“groaning”: e.g., entry for 9:59 A.M., September 11, 2001, “Some Witnesses Hear Explosions,” www.cooperativeresearch.org, Jim Marrs, The Terror Conspiracy, NY: The Disinformation Co., 2006, 47. Critics of official accounts of 9/11 have used such references to “explosions” to suggest that the Twin Towers collapsed at least partially as the result of explosive devices planted in the buildings. Those claims will be covered in Chapter 11.

11 “The entire”: The Independent (U.K.), 9/12/01.

12 Jennings/Dahler: transcript & video on YouTube, “ABC News Special Report: Planes Crash into World Trade Center,” 9/11/01, 9/11, ABC News, 9/11/02;

13 9:59: CR, 305—more precisely, 9:58:59. The 9/11 Commission Report used the figure of ten seconds. For the collapse time of some twenty seconds, the authors have relied on explanations by the National Institute of Standards and by scientist Ryan Mackey, who estimated that it took fifteen to twenty seconds for the tower’s roof to hit the ground (CR, 305–,”NIST’s Investigation of the Sept. 11 World Trade Center Disaster —FAQ,” 8/30/06, http://wtc.nist.gov, Ryan Mackey, “On Debunking 9/11 Debunking,” 5/24/08, www.jod911.com);

14 “From a structure”: int. James Cannon, TF, 12/18/01.

15 garages: int. Pedro Carrasquillo, TF, 10/16/01;

16 “I took”: int. Zarrillo;

17 “I grabbed”: int. Peruggia;

18 “Everybody’s like”: int. Jody Bell, TF, 12/15/01;

19 “smoked”/“Everything started”: int. Timothy Brown, TF, 1/15/02;

20 16 firefighters: CR, 308;

21 Marriott sliced: “The 9/11 Hotel, pt. 3 of 5” documentary on www.youtube.com;

22 “stared in awe”: “A Survivor’s Story”;

23 “huge tidal”: The Independent (U.K.), 9/12/01;

24 “all the walking”: NY Daily News, 9/11/01.

25 few aware: Staff Statement 13, CO, int. Joseph Pfeifer, TF, 10/23/01;

26 “We felt it”: int. Michael Brodbeck, TF, 12/10/01;

27 “You just”: int. Derek Brogan, TF, 12/28/01;

28 “It didn’t register”: int. James Canham, TF, 12/18/01;

29 “To think that”: Staff Statement 13, CO;

30 burst of energy: Dwyer & Flynn, 242;

31 pitch black: int. Peter Hayden, TF, 10/23/01;

32 fatally for some: Smith, 30–;

33 Judge: USA Today, 2/19/03, Bernstein, 231; Pfeifer: int. Pfeifer, int. Joseph Callan, TF, 11/2/01, Smith, 42–;

34 evacuation: Staff Statement 13, CO.

35 “get the fuck”: The 9/11 Commission credited Picciotto both with the “Get the fuck out!” initiative and with the radioed instructions. He himself said words to that effect on a CBS television show days after 9/11. His autobiographical accounts of events later in the day, however, have been rebutted by colleagues (“Get!”/radioed: CR, 307, 550n165; CBS show: transcript of int., Montel Williams Show, 9/17/01; autobiography: Richard Picciotto with Daniel Paisner, Last Man Down, NY: Berkley, 2002; rebutted: NY Daily News, 11/26/02, New York, 9/11/03).

36 “knew that he had men”: int. Mosiello;

37 “We’re not fucking”: CR, 310, 552n183;

38 McGinnis: Dwyer & Flynn, 237.

39 “What we didn’t”: “Emergency Preparedness & Response,” Staff Statement 13, CO;

40 blind: int. Callan, Staff Statement 13, CO.

41 “There was gas”: int. Derek Brogan, TF, 12/28/01. The Twin Towers were sheathed in aluminium (e.g., see “Cladding Fragment,” exhibit description, Division of Work & Industry, National Museum of American History).

42 “littering”: int. Robert Byrne, TF, 12/7/01;

43 Pilots: ibid., NYPD Call Routing & Message Dispatch Report, 7/23/02, “NYPD folder,” B9, NY Office files, CF, CR, 309, 551n176.

44 10:28: CR, 311;

45 “do a little rock”: int. Carletti;

46 “explosions”/“pop”/“thunderous”: int. Craig Carlsen, TF, 1/25/02, int. Pfeifer;

47 “the entire”: int. Dean Beltrami, TF, 12/17/01;

48 “looking like”: int. Bell;

49 “I opened up”: int. James Basile, TF, 10/17/01;

50 “This beautiful”: Staff Statement 13, CO;

51 twenty seconds: see note at source entry for “9:59,” above.

52 alarms: Lance, 419;

53 343: CR, 311;

54 firefighters killed: Smith, 193;

55 Ganci: int. Mosiello, Bernstein, 149, 231;

56 brother Kevin: http:/?/?americanhistory.si.edu/?September11, www.septembereleven.net;

57 families: Smith, 33, 53, 15, 44, 349, Damon DiMarco, Tower Stories, NY: Revolution, 2004, 189, Langewiesche, 70, 131–, 145–;

58 Port Authority/NYPD dead: CR, 311;

59 Morrone: Port Authority press release, 8/13/02, www.PANYNJ.gov;

60 5 dead PAPD: William Keegan with David Bart, Closure, NY: Touchstone, 2006, 67;

61 policewoman: Smith, 67, NY Daily News, 3/24/02, www.irishtribute.com entry for Moira Smith.

62 “The number”: transcript of press conference, CNN, 9/11/01;

63 7,000: John Ashcroft cited in MFR 04020543, 12/17/03, & see Knight Ridder report, 10/11/01.

64 2,760: The authors’ rendering of the total number of 9/11 deaths in New York City includes the ten hijackers of the two planes that hit the Trade Center. The figure used in the 9/11 Commission Report did not include the hijackers, nor did it include three victims injured that day whose deaths were registered later outside New York. The total used here does not include those deemed to have died of illnesses contracted as a result of 9/11, an issue that will be covered elsewhere (CR, 311, 552n188, “World Trade Center Operational Statistics,” Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 1/30/09, NYT, 7/22/04, ed. Robyn Gershon, High Rise Building Evacuation, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2006, 19, CR, 552n188);

65 other countries: NYT, 4/19/02;

66 immigrants: Hoy, cited by AM New York, 9/7/06.

67 Ground Zero: The term “Ground Zero” appears to have been used for the first time on the evening of 9/11, by CBS reporter Jim Axelrod (CBS News, 9/11/01, video at www.archive.org);

68 “All that remained”/final throes: Langewiesche, 6, 4, www.national911memorial.org;

69 lesser giants: frontispiece, ibid., “World Trade Center Building Performance Study,” Washington, D.C.: FEMA, May 2002, 3–.

70 WTC 7: “Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7,” Federal