The Eleventh Day

Federal Register

, Vol. 60, No. 16, Staff Report, “Monograph on Terrorist Financing,” CO;

7

9 speeches:

Richard Clarke, 129–, e.g., “American Security in a Changing World,” speech, 8/5/96, U.S. Department of State, Dispatch, Vol. 7, No. 32, & see “Presidential Speech Archive,”

www.millercenter.org

;

8

PDD-39/?rendition/?coordinated:

“Memorandum for the Vice President et al. from William J. Clinton,” 6/21/95 [PDD-39],

www.fas.org

, Benjamin & Simon, 230, CR, 101;

9

badgered:

Richard Clarke, 135;

10 “foaming”: Benjamin & Simon, 243;

11 “It just seemed”: Clarke, 135;

12 “asleep”: Hollingsworth with Mitchell, 101;

13 approval of Lake: Bamford, Pretext, 205, int. Michael Scheuer for Paladin InVision;

14 dozen/40: CR, 479n2;

15 FBI liaison/“buzz saw”: Statement of George Tenet, 10/17/02, JI, FBI IG;

16 focus/women/shopping complex/?committed/?zealot: Shenon, 188–, MFR 04020389, 6/21/04, CR, 109;

17 CTC-TFL: Staff Report, “Monograph on Terrorist Financing,” CO;

18 more operational: MFR 04017164, 11/25/03;

19 changed name: Tenet, 100;

20 “My God”/“truly dangerous”: Shenon, 189;

21 “civilians and military”: int. of OBL for ABC News, transcript available at Frontline: “Hunting bin Laden,” www.pbs.org;

22 “They chose”: int. of OBL for CNN, 3/97, www.cnn.com;

23 “If they”: Bergen, OBL I Know, 242;

24 “snatch”: Richard Clarke, 149;

25 surveillance/human intelligence: Farmer, 29;

26 eavesdropping/phone: Bamford, Pretext, 162–, Gunaratna, 12, WP, 4/24/01;

27 training camp: CR, 111;

28 CIA plan/?“half-assed”/?“perfect”: Tenet, 112–, Wright, 265–, Michael Scheuer, Marching Toward Hell, New York: Free Press, 2008, 272n3, CR, 111–, Richard Clarke, 149;

29 memo: Scheuer, Marching, 271;

30 “They could not”: Shenon, 190;

31 Nairobi bomb/casualties: Report of Accountability Review Boards, Bombings of the US Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on Aug. 7, 1998, U.S. Dept. of State, www.fas.org, Wright, 270, Corbin, 73;

32 Dar es Salaam: Report of Accountability Review Boards, The Independent (U.K.), 8/8/98;

33 worst: Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud, 183, Robert Johnston, “Worst Terrorist Attacks—Woldwide,” www.johnstonarchive.net;

34 bomber/met OBL/for OBL: Testimony of Stephen Gaudin, U.S. v. Usama Bin Laden et al., U.S. District Court for the Southern District of NY, S(7) 98-CR-1023, 1/8/01, Bergen, Holy War Inc., 107, Corbin, 71, Criminal Complaint Against Mohamed Rashed Al-’Owhali, U.S. Federal Court for the Southern District of NY, 8/26/98, http://avalon.law.yale.edu, Reeve, 198–;

35 bomber/OBL calls: Gaudin testimony, JI, Report, 129–, Wright, 276–.

36 “I did”/Odeh/“my leader”: Bergen, Holy War Inc., 53, 113, Reeve, 201. The four men convicted for their roles in the Kenya and Tanzania bombings were Mohamed al-’Owhali, Mohamed Odeh—the two terrorists referred to in the text—Khalfan Mohamed, and bin Laden’s former secretary Wadih al-Hage. They were convicted in May 2001. A fifth man, Ahmed Ghailani, who had been charged on a total of 285 counts, was in 2010 acquitted of multiple murder and attempted murder charges. Though found guilty only of conspiracy to damage U.S. property, he was handed a life sentence (4 men: AP, 11/24/08; Ghailani: BBC, 1/25/2011).

37 “excited and happy”: bin Ladens & Sasson, 237;

38 “juice”: int. of Abdulrahman Khadr, Frontline: “Son of al Qaeda,” www.pbs.org, “Al Qaeda Family: The Black Sheep,” 3/3/04, www.cbc.ca;

39 “Only God”/“real men”/“Our job”: int. of OBL for ABC News, 12/23/98 available at http://pws.prserv.net, Time, 1/11/99;

40 “the greatest”: int. of OBL for Al Jazeera, 12/98, http://wasarch.ucr.edu;

41 “respond”: MFR 04021459, 1/29/04;

42 opportunity/attack: Tenet, 115–, Miller & Stone, 210–, Clinton, 803–, Burke, 52;

43 Security tight: MFR 04021469, 12/19/03, Richard Clarke, 187;

44 told Pakistan/Ralston: Clinton, 799, Richard Clarke, 186–;

45 “Our target”: text of President Clinton’s address, CBS News, 8/20/98.

46 circumlocution: CR, 113–, 126–, 484n101, Executive Order 12333, United States Intelligence Activities, 12/4/81. National Security Adviser Sandy Berger, who had succeeded Lake, would tell the 9/11 Commission that the intention of the missile strikes had been “to be bouncing bin Laden into the rubble.” Under Secretary for Political Affairs Thomas Pickering told commission staff the primary objective had been “to kill bin Laden and other senior leaders he was meeting with” (Berger: testimony of Sandy Berger, 3/34/04, CO; Pickering: MFR 04013744, 12/22/03, CF).

47 “intently focused”: Clinton, 798.

48 some fatalities: CR, 117, bin Ladens & Sasson, 240–, Bergen, Holy War Inc., 121–, int. of OBL for ABC News, 12/23/98. National Security Adviser Berger told the 9/11 Commission that “20–30 people in the camps” were killed. Interviewed in late 1998, bin Laden acknowledged that seven “brothers” were killed and “20-something Afghans.” In addition, according to Bruce Lawrence, editor of bin Laden’s public statements, seven Pakistanis also died (CR, 117, 482n46, int. of OBL by Rahimullah Yusufzai, 12/23/98, ABC News online, www.cryptome.org, ed. Lawrence, 83fn);

49 factory destroyed/intelligence shaky: Reeve, 202, Tenet, 117, CR, 118, Stephen Hayes, “The Connection,” 6/7/04, www.weeklystandard.com;

50 $750,000: Bamford, Pretext, 209;

51 $10,000: CR, 498n127;

52 propaganda victory/T-shirts: Hamel, 216, WP, 10/3/01;

53 “a highly”: bin Ladens & Sasson, 238.

54 “He had been”: MFR 03013620, 12/12/03, CR, 117. Bin Laden himself appeared to confirm as much a month later when he told Al Jazeera: “I was hundreds of kilometers away from there. As for the information that was supposed to have reached us, we found a sympathetic and generous people in Pakistan who exceeded all our expectations, and we received information from our beloved ones and helpers of jihad for the sake of God against the Americans.” Omar bin Laden’s recent account seems more worthy of credence than the story