V, vi: . . they'll to the Himalayas. remarry / Ere the worm pierce your winding-sheet, 3. Datta, dayadhvam, damyata (Give, sympathize, ere the spider / Make a thin curtain for your epicontrol). The fable of the meaning of the Thunder taphs' [Eliot's note]. is found in the Brihadaranyaka?Upanishad, 5, 1. 5. Cf. Inferno, XXXIII, 46 [Eliot's note]. In this A translation is found in Deussen's Sechzig Upan-passage from the Inferno Ugolino recalls his ishads des Veda, p. 489 [Eliot's note]. In the Old imprisonment in the tower with his children, Indian fable The Three Great Disciplines, the Cre-where they starved to death: 'And I heard below ator God Prajapati utters the enigmatic syllable DA the door of the horrible tower being nailed shut.' to three groups. Lesser gods, naturally unruly, Eliot's note for this line goes on to quote F. H. interpret it as 'Control yourselves' (Damyata)-, Bradley, Appearance and Reality, p. 346: ' 'My humans, naturally greedy, as 'Give' (Datta)-, external sensations are no less private to myself
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230 8 / T . S . ELIO T 415Turn in the door once and turn once only We think of the key, each in his prison Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison Only at nightfall, sethereal rumours Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus6 420D A Damyata: The boat responded Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar The sea was calm, your heart would have responded Gaily, when invited, beating obedient To controlling hands 425I sat upon the shore Fishing,7 with the arid plain behind me Shall I at least set my lands in order?8 430London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down9 Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affma] Ouando fiam uti chelidon2?O swallow swallow3 Le Prince d'Aquitaine a la tour abolieA These fragments I have shored against my ruins Why then lie fit you. Hieronymo's mad againe.' Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. Shantih shantih shantih'' 1921 1922
than are my thoughts or my feelings. In either case my experience falls within my own circle, a circle closed on the outside; and, with all its elements alike, every sphere is opaque to the others which surround it. .. . In brief, regarded as an existence which appears in a soul, the whole world for each is peculiar and private to that soul.' ' Eliot wrote his doctoral thesis on Bradley's philosophy.
6. Coriolanus, who acted out of pride rather than duty, exemplifies a man locked in the prison of himself. He led the enemy against his native city out of injured pride (cf. Shakespeare's Coriolanus). 7. V. Weston: From Ritual to Romance; chapter on the Fisher King [Eliot's note]. 8. Cf. Isaiah 38.1: 'Thus saith the Lord, Set thine house in order, for thou shalt die, and not live.' 9. One of the later lines of this nursery rhyme is 'Take the kev and lock her up, my fair lady.' 1. V. Purgatorio, XXVI, 148 [Eliot's note]. The note goes on to quote lines 145?148 of the Purgatorio, in which the Provencal poet Arnaut Daniel addresses Dante: ' 'Now I pray you, by that virtue which guides you to the summit of the stairway, be mindful in due time of my pain.' ' Then (in the line Eliot quotes here) 'he hid himself in the fire which refines them.' 2. V. Pervigilium Veneris. Cf. Philomela in parts II and III [Eliot's note]. The Latin phrase in the text, originally misquoting uti as ceu, means, 'When shall I be as the swallow?' It comes from the late Latin poem 'Pewigiliuni Veneris' ('Vigil of Venus'), 'When will my spring come? When shall I be as the swallow that I may cease to be silent? I have lost the Muse in silence, and Apollo regards me not.'
3. Cf. A. C. Swinburne's 'Itylus,' which begins, 'Swallow, my sister, O sister swallow, / How can thine heart be full of spring?' and Tennyson's lyric in The Princess: 'O Swallow, Swallow, flying, flying south.' 4. V. Gerard de Nerval, Sonnet El Desdichado [Eliot's note]. The French line may be translated: 'The Prince of Aquitaine in the ruined tower.' One of the cards in the Tarot pack is 'the tower struck by lightning.' 5. V. Kyd's Spanish Tragedy [Eliot's note]. Subtitled Hieronymo's Mad Againe, Kyd's play (1594) is an early example of the Elizabethan tragedy of revenge. Hieronymo, driven mad by the murder of his son, has his revenge when he is asked to write a court entertainment. He replies, 'Why then lie fit you!' (i.e., accommodate you), and assigns the parts in the entertainment so that, in the course of the action, his son's murderers are killed. 6. Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal ending to an Upanishad. 'The Peace which passeth understanding' is a feeble translation of the content of this word [Eliot's note]. On the Upanishads see the note to line 401 above.
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THE HOLLOW MEN / 2309
The Hollow Men
Mistah Kurtz?he dead.1 A penny for the Old Guy2
I
We are the hollow men We are the stuffed men Leaning together Headpiece filled with straw. Alas!
; Our dried voices, when We whisper together Are quiet and meaningless As wind in dry glass Or rats' feet over broken glass
10 In our dry cellar3
Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion;
Those who have crossed With direct eyes, to death's other Kingdom
15 Remember us?if at all?not as lost Violent souls, but only As the hollow men The stuffed men.
II
Eyes I dare not meet in dreams
20 In death's dream kingdom4 These do not appear: There, the eyes are Sunlight on a broken column There, is a tree swinging
25 And voices are In the wind's singing More distant and more solemn Than a fading star.
Let me be no nearer
30 In death's dream kingdom Let me also wear Such deliberate disguises Rat's coat, crowskin, crossed staves
1. From Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (see p. 1941). 2. Every year on Nov. 5, British children build bonfires, on which thev burn a scarecrow effigy of the traitor Guido [Guy] Fawkes, who in 1605 attempted to blow up the Parliament buildings. For some days before this, they ask people in the streets for pennies with which to buy fireworks.
3. Cf. The Waste Land, lines 115 and 195. 4. At the end of Dante's Purgatorio and in Paradiso 4, he cannot meet the gaze of Beatrice (see Eliot's 1929 essay 'Dante').
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231 0 / T . S . ELIO T 35In a field5 Behaving as the wind behaves No nearer-? Not that final meeting In the twilight kingdom6 III 40This is the dead land This is cactus land Here the stone images7 Are raised, here they
