In Morocco

Sale—interior court of the Medersa]

The private house, whether merchant’s dwelling or chieftain’s palace, is laid out on the same lines, with the addition of the reserved quarters for women; and what remains in Spain and Sicily of Moorish secular architecture shows that, in the Merinid period, the play of ornament must have been—as was natural—even greater than in the medersas.

The Arab chroniclers paint pictures of Merinid palaces, such as the House of the Favourite at Cordova, which the soberer modern imagination refused to accept until the medersas of Fez were revealed, and the old decorative tradition was shown in the eighteenth century Moroccan palaces. The descriptions given of the palaces of Fez and of Marrakech in the preceding articles, which make it unnecessary, in so slight a note as this, to go again into the detail of their planning and decoration, will serve to show how gracefully the art of the mosque and the medersa was lightened and domesticated to suit these cool chambers and flower-filled courts.

With regard to the immense fortifications that are the most picturesque and noticeable architectural features of Morocco, the first thing to strike the traveller is the difficulty of discerning any difference in the probable date of their construction until certain structural peculiarities are examined, or the ornamental details of the great gateways are noted. Thus the Almohad portions of the walls of Fez and Rabat are built of stone, while later parts are of rubble; and the touch of European influence in certain gateways of Meknez and Fez at once situate them in the seventeenth century. But the mediaeval outline of these great piles of masonry, and certain technicalities in their plan, such as the disposition of the towers, alternating in the inner and outer walls, continued unchanged throughout the different dynasties, and this immutability of the Moroccan military architecture enables the imagination to picture, not only what was the aspect of the fortified cities which the Greeks built in Palestine and Syria, and the Crusaders brought back to Europe, but even that of the far-off Assyrio-Chaldaean strongholds to which the whole fortified architecture of the Middle Ages in Europe seems to lead back.

[Illustration: From a photograph from the Service des Beaux-Arts au Maroc

Marrakech—the gate of the Portuguese]

IX

BOOKS CONSULTED

Afrique Francaise (L’). Bulletin Mensuel du Comite de l’Afrique Francaise. Paris, 21, rue Cassette.

Bernard, Augustin. Le Maroc. Paris, F. Alcan, 1916.

Budgett-Meakin. The Land of the Moors. London, 1902.

Chatelain, L. Recherches archeologiques au Maroc: Volubilis. (Published by the Military Command in Morocco).

Les Fouilles de Volubilis (Extrait du Bulletin Archeologique,

1916)

Chevrillon, A. Crepuscule d’Islam.

Cochelet, Charles. Le Naufrage du Brick Sophie.

Conferences Marocaines. Paris, Plon-Nourrit.

Doutte, E. En Tribu. Paris, 1914.

Foucauld, Vicomte de. La Reconnaissance au Maroc. Paris, 1888.

France-Maroc. Revue Mensuelle, Paris, 4, rue Chauveau-Lagarde.

Gaillard. Une Ville d’Islam, Fez. Paris, 1909.

Gayet, Al. L’Art Arabe. Paris, 1906.

Houdas, O. Le Maroc de 1631 a 1812. Extrait d’une histoire du Maroc intitulee “L’Interprete qui s’exprime clairement sur les dynasties de l’Orient et de l’Occident,” par Ezziani. Paris, E. Leroux, 1886.

Koechlin, Raymond. Une Exposition d’Art Marocain. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Juillet-Septembre, 1917).

Leo Africanus, Description of Africa.

Loti, Pierre. Au Maroc.

Migeon, Gaston. Manuel d’Art Musulman, II, Les Arts Plastiques et Industriels. Paris, A. Picard et Fils, 1907.

Saladin, H. Manuel d’Art Musulman, I, L’Architecture. Paris, A. Picard et Fils, 1907.

Segonzac, Marquis de. Voyages au Maroc. Paris, 1903.

Au Coeur de l’Atlas. Paris, 1910.

Tarde, A. de. Les Villes du Maroc: Fez, Marrakech, Rabat. (Journal de l’Universite des Annales, 15 Oct., 1 Nov., 1918).

Windus. A Journey to Mequinez. London, 1721.

INDEX

Abdallah-ben-Aissa Abd-el-Aziz Abd-el-Hafid Abd-el-Kader Abd-el-Moumen Abou-el Abbas (“The Golden”) Abou Hassan Abou-Youssef Agdal, olive-yards of the Ahmed-Baba Ahmed-el-Hiba Aid-el-Kebir, the Aissaouas, the, of Kairouan dance of Algeria, French conquest of Almohads, the, invasion of Morocco by architecture of Almoravids, the, invasion of Morocco by destruction of architecture of Andalusian Moors, the, mosque of Arabs, conquest of Morocco by Architecture, Moroccan, four basic conditions of four groups of of the Almohad dynasty of the Cherifian dynasties of the Merinid dynasty the Saadian mausoleum the collegiate building the fortress the mosque the private house Art, Moroccan, sources of influence on disappearance of treasures of and Moorish art

Ba-Ahmed, builder of the Bahia Bab F’touh cemetery, at Fez Bahia, the, palace of, at Marrakech apartment of Grand Vizier’s Favourite in Bazaars, of Fez of Marrakech of Sale Beni-Merins See Merinids Berbers, the attack of, on Fez origins of dialects of nomadic character of heresy and schisms of Bernard, M. Augustin Black Guard, the Sultan’s uniform of Moulay-Ismael’s method of raising Blue Men of the Sahara, the Bou- Jeloud, palace of Bugeaud, Marshal