established Church to the s

16

by the rituals of their faith and the patriarchal customs of medieval Muscovy. They were

by the rituals of their faith and the patriarchal customs of medieval Muscovy. They were

by the rituals of their faith and the patriarchal customs of medieval Muscovy. They were

Persecuted by the government for much of their history, the Old Believers had a strong liber

Persecuted by the government for much of their history, the Old Believers had a strong liber

Persecuted by the government for much of their history, the Old Believers had a strong liber

bezpoptsy)

This Utopian search was equally pursued by diverse peasant sects and religious wande

This Utopian search was equally pursued by diverse peasant sects and religious wande

This Utopian search was equally pursued by diverse peasant sects and religious wande

Khlysty

Khristy,

Dhikbobortsy),

Stranniki),

Molokane),

(Skoptsy),

Russia was a breeding ground for Christian anarchists and Utopians. The mystical foundati

Russia was a breeding ground for Christian anarchists and Utopians. The mystical foundati

Russia was a breeding ground for Christian anarchists and Utopians. The mystical foundati

17

(pravda)

18

19

The oldest of these folk myths was the legend of Kitezh - a sacred city that was hidden under

The oldest of these folk myths was the legend of Kitezh - a sacred city that was hidden under

The oldest of these folk myths was the legend of Kitezh - a sacred city that was hidden under

Over the centuries the legend became mixed with other stories about towns and monaster

Over the centuries the legend became mixed with other stories about towns and monaster

Over the centuries the legend became mixed with other stories about towns and monaster

mets. But in the early eighteenth century the Old Believers wrote the legend down, and it was

mets. But in the early eighteenth century the Old Believers wrote the legend down, and it was

mets. But in the early eighteenth century the Old Believers wrote the legend down, and it was

20

Another of these Utopian beliefs, no less tenacious in the popular religious consci

Another of these Utopian beliefs, no less tenacious in the popular religious consci

Another of these Utopian beliefs, no less tenacious in the popular religious consci

21

22

2

2

2

2

2

’I stopped at the Hermitage at Optina’, Gogol wrote to Count A. P. Tolstoy, ‘and took awa

’I stopped at the Hermitage at Optina’, Gogol wrote to Count A. P. Tolstoy, ‘and took awa

’I stopped at the Hermitage at Optina’, Gogol wrote to Count A. P. Tolstoy, ‘and took awa

23

Nikolai Gogol came from a devout family in the Ukraine. Both his parents were active in t

Nikolai Gogol came from a devout family in the Ukraine. Both his parents were active in t

Nikolai Gogol came from a devout family in the Ukraine. Both his parents were active in t

24

[in my childhood] I looked at everything with an impartial eye; I went to church because I

[in my childhood] I looked at everything with an impartial eye; I went to church because I

[in my childhood] I looked at everything with an impartial eye; I went to church because I

23

Gogol never had religious doubts, as Tolstoy and Dostoevsky did. The torments of his fina

Gogol never had religious doubts, as Tolstoy and Dostoevsky did. The torments of his fina

Gogol never had religious doubts, as Tolstoy and Dostoevsky did. The torments of his fina

26

27

Dead Souls,

Gogol’s fiction was the arena of this spiritual search. Contrary to the view of many schol

Gogol’s fiction was the arena of this spiritual search. Contrary to the view of many schol

Gogol’s fiction was the arena of this spiritual search. Contrary to the view of many schol

28

The Government Inspector

parable but which the public look as a hilarious satire - Gogol sought

parable but which the public look as a hilarious satire - Gogol sought

parable but which the public look as a hilarious satire - Gogol sought

to drive his religious message home. The work to which he then devoted all his energies

to drive his religious message home. The work to which he then devoted all his energies

to drive his religious message home. The work to which he then devoted all his energies

Dead Souls -

Divine Comedy -

29

Gogol’s divine vision was inspired by his champions, the Slavophiles, whose fantasy of

Gogol’s divine vision was inspired by his champions, the Slavophiles, whose fantasy of

Gogol’s divine vision was inspired by his champions, the Slavophiles, whose fantasy of

sobornost’

sobor’

The Slavophiles believed that the True Church was the Russian one. Unlike the Western chur

The Slavophiles believed that the True Church was the Russian one. Unlike the Western chur

The Slavophiles believed that the True Church was the Russian one. Unlike the Western chur

alliance with the Tsarist state. They espoused a social Church, some would say a socialis

alliance with the Tsarist state. They espoused a social Church, some would say a socialis

alliance with the Tsarist state. They espoused a social Church, some would say a socialis

30

sobornost’

31

Here was the vision of the ‘Russian soul’ - of a universal spirit that would save the Chri

Here was the vision of the ‘Russian soul’ - of a universal spirit that would save the Chri

Here was the vision of the ‘Russian soul’ - of a universal spirit that would save the Chri

Dead Souls.

Russian Nights

12

and fraternity to the simple peasantry that had long been lost in the bourgeois culture o

and fraternity to the simple peasantry that had long been lost in the bourgeois culture o

and fraternity to the simple peasantry that had long been lost in the bourgeois culture o

One of our peasants has made a tincture which all the learning of Hippocrates and Galen fa

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