Культура имеет значение

Review, February 2000.

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В основу настоящей публикации положена глава из книги: Francis Fukuyama. The Great Disruption. Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order. - New York: Free Press, 1999.

1

Diego Gambetta. The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 35.

2

См., например: Edward C. Banfield. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1958); Robert D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modem Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).

3

См. изложение дискуссии о гражданском обществе: Larry Diamond. “Toward Democratic Consolidation”. Journal of Democracy 5 (1994): 4-17.

4

Lyda Judson Hanifan. “The Rural School Community Center”. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 67 (1916): 130–138.

5

Jane Jacobs. The Death and life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage, 1961), p. 138.

6

Glenn Loury. “A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences”, in Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, ed. PA. Wallace and A. LeMund (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1977); Ivan H. Light, Ethnic Enterprise in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972).

7

James S. Coleman. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”. American Journal of Sociology supplement 94 (1988): S95-S120; Coleman, “The Creation and Destruction of Social Capital: Implications for the Law”. Journal of law, Ethics, and Public Policy 3 (1988): 375–404; Putnam, Making Democracy Work, 1993; Robert Putnam, “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”, Journal of Democracy 6 (1995): 65–78.

8

Everett C. Ladd. “The Data Just Don’t Show Erosion of America’s ‘Social Capital’”, Public Perspective (1996): 4-22; Michael Schudson, “What If Civic Life Didn’t Die?” American Prospect (1996): 17–20; John Clark, “Shifting Engagements: Lessons from the ‘Bowling Alone’ Debate”, Hudson Briefing Papers, no. 196, October 1996.

9

Но как же, в таком случае, можно узнать, увеличивается или сокращается социальный капитал того или иного общества? Один из выходов предполагает более основательную опору на вторую разновидность источников — на данные опросов, посвященных доверию и ценностям.

10

Friedrich A. Hayek. The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), p. 5; см. также: Hayek, Law, legislation, and liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976).

11

Ronald A. Heiner. “The Origin of Predictable Behavior”, American Economic Review 73 (1983): 560–595; Heiner, “Origin of Predictable Behavior: Further Modeling and Applications”, American Economic Review 75 (1985): 391–396.