1
L. Liashuk, Ofitsery chernomorskogo flota pogubshie pri zashchite Sevastopolia v 1854–1855 gg. (Simferopol, 2005); G. Arnold, Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War (London, 2002), pp. 38–9.
2
Losses of Life in Modern Wars: Austria-Hungary; France (Oxford, 1916), p. 142; Histoire militaire de la France, 4 vols. (Paris, 1992), vol. 2, p. 514; D. Murphy, Ireland and the Crimean War (Dublin, 2002), p. 104. The best recent survey of allied effectives and casualties is T. Margrave, ‘Numbers & Losses in the Crimea: An Introduction’, War Correspondent, 21/1 (2003), pp. 30–32; 21/2 (2003), pp. 32–6; 21/3 (2003), pp. 18–22.
3
J. Herbe, Francais et russes en Crimee: Lettres d’un officier francais a sa famille pendant la campagne d’Orient (Paris, 1892), p. 337; A. Khrushchev, Istoriia oborony Sevastopolia (St Petersburg, 1889), pp. 157–8.
CHAPTER 1. RELIGIOUS WARS
1
FO 78/446, Finn to Aberdeen, 27 May 1846; 78/705 Finn to Palmerston, 5 Apr. 1847; H. Martineau, Eastern Life: Present and Past, 3 vols. (London, 1848), vol. 3, pp. 162–5.
2
Ibid., pp. 120–21.
3
FO 78/368, Young to Palmerston, 14 Mar. 1839.
4
Quoted in D. Hopwood, The Russian Presence in Palestine and Syria, 1843–1914: Church and Politics in the Near East (Oxford, 1969), p. 9.
5
A. Kinglake, The Invasion of the Crimea: Its Origin and an Account of Its Progress down to the Death of Lord Raglan, 8 vols. (London, 1863), vol. 1, pp. 42–3; N. Shepherd, The Zealous Intruders: The Western Rediscovery of Palestine (London, 1987), p. 23; Martineau, Eastern Life, vol. 3, p. 124; R. Curzon, Visits to Monasteries in the Levant (London, 1849), p. 209.
6
FO 78/413, Young to Palmerston, 29 Jan. and 28 Apr. 1840; 78/368, Young to Palmerston, 14 Mar. and 21 Oct. 1839.
7
R. Marlin, L’Opinion franc-comtoise devant la guerre de Crimee, Annales Litteraires de l’Universite de Besancon, vol. 17 (Paris, 1957), p. 23.
8
E. Finn (ed.), Stirring Times, or, Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles of 1853 to 1856, 2 vols. (London, 1878), vol. 1, pp. 57–8, 76.
9
FO 78/705, Finn to Palmerston, 2 Dec. 1847.
10
On the various interpretations of the treaty, see R. H. Davison, Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West (Austin, Tex., 1990), pp. 29–37.
11
Memoires du duc De Persigny (Paris, 1896), p. 225; L. Thouvenal, Nicolas Ier et Napoleon III: Les preliminaires de la guerre de Crimee 1852–1854 (Paris, 1891), pp. 7–8, 14–16, 59.
12
A. Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimee 1853–1856 (Paris, 1995), p. 69; D. Goldfrank, The Origins of the Crimean War (London, 1995), pp. 76, 82–3; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches in Turkey, 2 vols. (London, 1854–6), vol. 1, pp. 17–18.
13
A. Ubicini, Letters on Turkey, trans. Lady Easthope, 2 vols. (London, 1856), vol. 1, pp. 18–22.
14
S. Montefiore, Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin (London, 2000), pp. 244– 5.
15
W. Reddaway, Documents of Catherine the Great (Cambridge, 1931), p. 147; Correspondence artistique de Grimm avec Catherine II, Archives de l’art francais, nouvelle
