F. Kagan, The Military Reforms of Nicholas I: The Origins of the Modern Russian Army (London, 1999), p. 221; E. Brooks, ‘Reform in the Russian Army, 1856–1861’, Slavic Review, 43/1 (Spring 1984), p. 64; E. Wirtschafter, From Serf to Russian Soldier (Princeton, 1990), p. 24.
25
Brooks, ‘Reform’, pp. 70–71; K. Marx, The Eastern Question: A Reprint of Letters Written 1853– 1856 Dealing with the Events of the Crimean War (London, 1969), pp. 397–8; J. Curtiss, The Russian Army under Nicholas I, 1825–1855 (Durham, NC, 1965), p. 115; P. Alabin, Chetyre voiny: Pokhodnye zapiski v voinu 1853, 1854, 1855 i 1856 godov, 2 vols. (Viatka, 1861), vol. 1, p. 43.
26
Curtiss, Russian Army, pp. 248–9.
27
Za mnogo let, pp. 34–5, 45–7; RGB OR, f. 743, T. Klemm, ‘Vospominaniia starogo- soldata’, ll. 4, 7–8; Wirtschafter, From Serf to Russian Soldier, p. 87.
28
BOA, I, HR, 328/21222; S. Kiziltoprak, ‘Egyptian Troops in the Crimean War (1853–1856)’, in Vostochnaya (Krymskaya) Voina 1853–1856 godov: Novye materialy i novoe osmyslenie, 2 vols. (Simferopol, 2005), vol. 1, p. 49; Lane-Poole, The Life of the Right Honourable Stratford Canning, vol. 2, p. 296.
29
A. Slade, Turkey and the Crimean War: A Narrative of Historical Events (London, 1867), p. 186; E. Perret, Les Francais en Orient: Recits de Crimee 1854–1856 (Paris, 1889), pp. 86–7.
30
T. Buzzard, With the Turkish Army in the Crimea and Asia Minor (London, 1915), p. 121; J. Reid, Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839–1878 (Stuttgart, 2000), p. 257.
31
RGVIA, f. 450, op. 1, d. 33, ll. 4–12; A Visit to Sebastopol a Week after Its Fall: By an Officer of the Anglo-Turkish Contingent (London, 1856), p. 53; Vospominaniia ofitsera o voennyh deistviyah na Dunae v 1853–54 gg.: Iz dnevnika P.B. (St Petersburg, 1887), p. 566.
32
M. Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography (London, 1983), p. 476; FO 65/421, Palmerston to Seymour, 16 July 1853; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, p. 400.
33
R. Florescu, The Struggle against Russia in the Romanian Principalities 1821–1854 (Monachii, 1962), pp. 241–6.
34
FO 65/422, Palmerston to Seymour, 2 Aug. 1853.
35
Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, pp. 400–404.
36
Goldfrank, Origins of the Crimean War, pp. 190–213.
37
The Greville Memoirs 1814–1860, ed. L. Strachey and R. Fulford, 8 vols. (London, 1938), vol. 1, p. 85.
38
H. Maxwell, The Life and Letters of George William Frederick, Fourth Earl of Clarendon, 2 vols. (London, 1913), vol. 2, p. 25.
39
Slade, Turkey and the Crimean War, pp. 101–2, 107; Saab, Origins of the Crimean Alliance, p. 64; Cunningham, Eastern Questions, pp. 198–9.
40
Saab, Origins of the Crimean Alliance, p. 81; Badem, ‘The Ottomans and the Crimean War’, pp. 80, 90.
41
The Times, 27 Sept. 1853; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, pp. 562–3.
42
A. Turkgeldi, Mesail-i Muhimme-i Siyasiyye, 3 vols. (Ankara, 1957–60), vol. 1, pp.
