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minuvshego, pp. 523–35. Pregnancy confirmed by General I. Serov: RGASPI 558.11.1288. Stalin drops in on Rukhadze: RGASPI 558.4.662, Kuzma Gavrilenko—Stalin on way from Kostino to Kureika via Miroedikha. Letter to author from Eva Purins, 9 Nov. 2000. Note in suit pocket: A. S. Alliluyeva, Vospominaniya, pp. 44–45. Spandarian: “Suren Spandarian in Siberian Exile.”

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1. Conscripted. Stalin volunteered: Ilizarov, pp. 311–12. Sleighs used first dogs, then reindeer, then horses; Stalin on go-slow: Shveitzer, Stalin v Turukhanskoi ssylke, pp. 43–51. Reindeer: Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 189–90. RGASPI 558.4.218. Merzliakov, I. M. Taraseev, Arsenii Ivanov—present to mother: RGASPI 558.4.662. Sverdlov, Izbrannye, p. 99. Boris Ivanov: RGASPI 558.4.662 and GARF 5449.1.74. Kureika, memoirs of locals and history, conscription and hero’s departure: http://memorial.krsk.ru/Work/Konkurs/4 /Panteon_stalina/00.htm. I. D. Perfilev in Volkogonov, Stalin, p. 8. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Only One Year, pp. 381–82.

V. G. Solomin to Stalin and Stalin reply, 5 Mar. 1947: RGASPI 559.11.804. The journey: Ilizarov, p. 313. Newspaper Yeniseisk Krai quoted by Ostrovsky, p. 416. Unfit for military service and trip to Petersburg with orators, etc.: A. S. Alliluyeva, Vospominaniya, pp. 55–55, 62–63, 165–69. Piece of Siberia: Molotov Remembers, p. 256. Achinsk: V. Shveitzer, “V Achinskoi ssilke,” Izvestiya, 12 Mar. 1937. Stalin stays in Achinsk: RGASPI 558.4.218, 124.2.1549, 558.4.662,649 and 667 (V. Shveitzer, V. P. Filipova, A. Pomerantseva) and RGASPI 4.649 (M. Muranov). Baikaloff, I Knew Stalin, pp. 27–30. Whispers: Yeniseisk Krai in Ostrovsky, p. 420. Trains and Stalin’s movements: Ostrovsky, pp. 422–23. Petersburg: RGASPI 161.1.16. A. Shlyapnikov, Semnadtsatyi god, 2:443–47. Stalin stays with Baroness Maria Shtakelberg: Ostrovsky, p. 423. Grand Duke Michael telegram: Volkogonov, Stalin, p. 14.

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1. The account of 1917 from February to October is based on the following: Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy; Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution; Alexander Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks Come to Power; Robert Service, Stalin and Lenin; Adam Ulam, Lenin and the Bolsheviks; W. Bruce Lincoln, Passage through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution (henceforth Lincoln), Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Monarchy; plus Leon Trotsky, Stalin and My Life; Nikolai Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution; and John Reed, Ten Days That Shook the World (henceforth Reed). Unless otherwise stated, Central Committee protocols are quoted from Protokoly Tsentralnogo Komiteta RSDRP(b). On Petersburg, Feb.–Mar. 1917: Molotov Remembers, p. 133. Service, Stalin, p. 122. Lincoln, pp. 346–73. Figes, pp. 307–52.

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2. Lenin doubts: Molotov Remembers, pp. 89–90 and 125. Service, Stalin, p. 122–25. Slusser, pp. 16–29. Sukhanov, Russian Revolution, p. 230. Bolshevik membership: Ostrovsky, p. 580.

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3. Alliluyevs: Service, Stalin, p. 124. Vasileva, Kremlin Wives, p. 56—Yenukidze arrival and Nadya to Anna Radchenko. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 212, 184–91.

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4. Coryne Hall, Imperial Dancer: Mathilde Kschessinskaya and the Romanovs, pp. 102–3 and 178–79. Stalin in charge and mistakes: “Protokoly i resolutsii Buro TSK RSDRPb Mart 1917 g,” Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 3, 1963, pp. 134, 143–49, no. 5, pp. 111–47, and no. 6, pp. 139–40. The war: Stalin, Works, 3:4–9. Volkogonov, Stalin, p. 20. Slusser, pp. 29–30, 43, 59–64. Service, Stalin, pp. 125–27. Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 92–93. Service, Lenin, p. 263. Trotsky, Stalin, pp. 185–87 and 203. Shit and Krupskaya’s view of Lenin’s April Theses: Robert H. McNeal, Bride of the Revolution, pp. 167 and 171. Tucker, p. 165. Chariot: Stalin, Works, 3:1–3. Sergo: Dubinsky-Mukhadze, Ordzhonikidze, p. 131. Figes, pp. 354–84.

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1. Service, Lenin, p. 255. Slusser, pp. 16–30. Volkogonov, Stalin, pp. 15–20. Service, Stalin, pp. 125–27. Lincoln, pp. 362–65. Figes, pp. 141–54 and 385–98.

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2. Krupskaya, pp. 294–96. Service, Lenin, pp. 255–73. Voroshilov: Vasileva, Kremlin Wives, p. 81. Williams, p. 176. Service, Stalin, p. 129. Volkogonov, Stalin, pp. 21–23. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 195. On Lenin: Lincoln, pp. 362–65; and Figes, pp. 385–98.

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3. April, May: “Protokolyi resolutsii Buro TSK RSDRPb Mart 1917 g,” Voprosy istorii