basement of the International Hotel, located in Manilatown on the corner of Jackson and Kearny Streets, and plotted to overthrow the power structure. Radical activists, propelled by Third World strikes at San Francisco State and Berkeley, descended on the bewildered community, some of them calling themselves Red Guards, talking about Yellow Soul. Politics in turn exacerbated already existing petty rivalries between American-born and foreign-born gangs. A pool hall-soda fountain run by a group of reformed American-born at 615 Jackson was adorned with posters of Huey P. Newton and Mao Tse-tung, while a large gang known as the Jo-Boys amounted to strongarms for the tongs, who continued to assert their fading influence.
What all these groups, including the ruling Six Companies oligarchy, fought to represent could be narrowed down to one square block, Portsmouth Square, in the heart of the community, which had been recently defaced by stenciled graffiti bearing the image of Chiang Ching. It was the site of innocuous fairs, well-meaning rallies, and, increasingly, conflicts. One could imagine, in the years of the Barbary Coast, when it was the makeshift center of San Francisco’s gambling traffic, a gallows being erected there. But most of the time now, it was just the immortal old men, playing Chinese chess or a variation on bridge. Some nights, the fog would stroll down the hills of Washington and Clay Streets, you could hear the foghorns, and the Stockton bus would roll up. No one knew the future.
Michael and Francis regularly met at the Hunan Cafe, across the street from the I-Hotel, but the atmosphere there had grown too thick with intrigue, and Francis suggested a little-known restaurant elsewhere, frequented entirely by locals who spoke only in Toisan dialect. The two of them were to meet an acquaintance of Francis’s there, who was researching a documentary film on the nascent Asian-American “movement” and wanted to interview Francis incognito.
Francis wore a blue Mao tunic, jeans, and black kung-fu shoes. He was clean-shaven, and a helmet of straight hair covered his ears. Though smallish, he projected confidence and power-rumor had it that he was a black belt, and even Michael, who was a big man and a star college lacrosse player before he blew out his knee, felt tough walking beside him. The two of them, as members of the rather rigidly Maoist Revolutionary Union, worked closely with WMS, their Chinatown affiliate, and tended to regard IWK, who after all were from New York and were behind the curve that way, as suspiciously reformist. Nevertheless, at this optimistic time, there was still hope a united front could be built in Chinatown.
“I hear you’re going to be sent somewhere,” Francis said.
“Where?”
Francis leaned his head to one side, then made a kind of quarter-turn with it, his abbreviation for shaking his head. He took a gulp of very attenuated jasmine tea from a porcelain cup with the faded image of a red, green, and yellow dragon printed on it.
“Why?”
“To retrieve something.”
That could mean anything. To San Leandro? For burritos? But Michael had an idea of what Francis was talking about. Both of them had joined RU around the same time, coming from very different directions, and they’d risen quickly through the ranks. In the spirit of competition, Francis liked to keep Michael off balance with hints that made it sound as if he were closer to directives being made in the inner circle, but Michael knew it was just smoke. Michael had personal ties to the upper echelons of the leadership that Francis didn’t have. On the other hand, one never knew what one faction might be planning without another’s knowledge. And there were plenty of factions.
“So tell me about these Red Guard guys,” Michael said.
“They have a lot less to do with the Red Guard in China than with talking black and acting like the Panthers, but without half the political commitment. Most are ex-Leway and are in it strictly for the image.”
Francis had a way of sizing up, dissecting, and dismissing someone in a sentence or two that matched RU’s reputation for sectarianism. Michael, who was prone to see both sides of an issue, thought there was truth to the accusation that they didn’t get along with anybody, because they didn’t cut anybody any slack. He also knew it was worse cutting everybody slack all the time, over anything. One needed parameters. But even in their own group, Francis was thought to have a very refined palate.
“Look at their position on militancy.” He pointed to a line printed in the newsletter. “
He was making reference to rifts that had grown within the ranks of the CPC itself, demonstrating a fairly high-level awareness of issues that Michael only understood in a blurry way. Groups like IWK and elements within RU’s own national ranks reflected the rightist thought of the Liu Hsiao-chi/Teng Hsiao-ping revisionist party clique that the radicals, including the student Red Guard and Mao himself, were resisting. Somehow that internecine struggle had radiated out from the capital of worldwide revolution to this remote outpost.
Michael had only heard of the Red Guard less than two years ago, before he joined RU. He didn’t know much about China then, much less the Cultural Revolution. But there had been a great deal of hoopla around an American, a white man, who had returned to the Bay Area from China and had participated in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution as a Red Guard himself. By chance, Michael had gone to his presentation and was mesmerized, particularly by the photos that were passed around, clipped from
In later, grimmer years Francis would go to jail for infiltrating a U.N. Security Council meeting and throwing plastic bags filled with pig’s blood at the U.S. and Soviet council-members.
Francis’s acquaintance, the filmmaker Cletus Dong, arrived at the same time as the twice-cooked pork and honey walnut prawns. As he approached their table, conspicuous in cowboy boots and big silver belt buckle, Francis muttered under his breath, “Cultural nationalist,” which to Michael was a codeword for “reverse racist.”
Cletus introduced himself as “the Chinese-American Jean-Luc Godard,” which struck Michael as an odd thing to aspire to be, considering Cletus was the only Chinese-American filmmaker he’d ever heard of. Couldn’t you pretty much call yourself the Chinese-American anything? But with a name like Cletus Dong he wasn’t going to be the Jean-Luc Godard of anybody.
Michael’s attention was immediately taken away from Cletus anyway, because he’d brought a girl. At first Michael had taken her to be his girlfriend, but it later came out she was his sister, in the literal sense. Unlike the girls Asian “movement” guys tended to hang out with, the ones who wore granny glasses over humorless expressions, she had all the qualities of a classical Chinese beauty: green eyebrows, reedy silhouette, straight ass-length hair. There might be something too brittle about her, as in one of those lamenting maidens in a poem by Li Po, but on closer look one saw this was not the case, especially in the eyes, which were steely and unsentimental. Thick, bold strokes made up her face. She had dark eyes and a full mouth. Her name was Candy. She chewed gum.
Michael immediately fell in love with her.
She stuck her gum to a napkin and smoked a cigarette with heartwrenching elegance, while Cletus and Francis went over the details of the party platform. If it wasn’t for the entertainment Candy provided, Michael would have quickly grown bored. He respected Francis, because he knew he was dedicated, but even then, he always thought the worst thing about being a Communist were the endless meetings, speeches, and discussions over total abstractions. Despite his own class background, which he was still trying to live down, he tended to connect more with ordinary working-class people, the good citizens who lived on his delivery route.
“Your idea of revolution, like most people’s, is romantic,” Francis concluded. “In fact, our work is like ‘washing one’s face,’ as Chairman Mao put it; that is, it takes place on a daily basis. Chinatown is capital-scarce, deteriorated, urban terrain. We have to be frugal and diligent and, as Mao says again, ‘do more with less money.’”
“What’s so different about that from your run-of-the-mill penny-pinching Chinaman?”
“Well, there are comrades, even when talking about revolution, who only see it in terms of economics and benefits. Of course, we should try to do more with less-as guerrillas we have no choice about that-but not at the expense of political awareness. Getting results is one thing, but isn’t it as important to understand how all the pieces fit together? The correct path is to see economic pragmatism and political consciousness as a dialectic. My
