The World in 2050: Four Forces Shaping Civilization's Northern Future

Pripyat, Ukraine

protectionism

Prudhoe Bay

Putin, Vladimir

Qatar

Quantification Settlement Agreement

Quebec

Queen Elizabeth Island

radiation

railroads

rain forests

rainfall

Reagan, Ronald

RechargeIt initiative

regional corporations

renewable energy resources. See also specific energy types

Republic of Korea

reserve-to-production ratios

reservoirs

resource demand. See also specific resource types: and aboriginal peoples; and the Arctic economy; connection to other global forces; and the economic slowdown; and electric vehicles; and Far East Russia; as global force; historical debate on; and human settlement patterns; and hydrocarbon cities; and inertia of global forces; mineral depletion rates; and prospects for NORCs; and proven resource levels; and renewable energy; and reserve levels; and the resource curse; and the Russian Far East; and traditional resources; and urbanization; and water consumption; and West Siberian Lowlands

Resource Wars (Klare)

Reykjavik, Iceland

Ricardo, David

ringed seals

Rio Negro

Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New Geopolitics of Energy (Klare)

risk assessment

rivers. See specific river names

Road of Bones

Rodriguez, Ernesto

Roosevelt, Franklin

Russia and the Russian Federation: and aboriginal peoples; and aging populations; and the Arctic Council; and Arctic islands; and Arctic resources; and Arctic transportation; and climate distribution; and coal resources; and crop yields; and demographic trends; and economic growth models; and endangered species; and the Far East; and fertility rates; and gas and oil reserves; and global warming; and human settlement patterns; and immigration policy; and infrastructure development; and natural gas resources; and the “New North,” and North Pole expeditions; and population declines; and prospects for NORCs; and shifting economic power; and the Siberian Curse; and territorial boundaries; and UNCLOS; and water resources; and West Siberian Lowlands; and winter roads; and xenophobia

Sahara Desert

Sakha Republic

Sakhalin Island

Salazar, Ken

Salisbury, Joe

Sami people

Sanikiluaq, Canada

sanitation

satellite technology

Saudi Arabia

Scandinavia

Schlesinger, James

Schwarzenegger, Arnold

Science

Scott, Allen

Scripps Institute of Oceanography

sea ice: and albedo effect; and Antarctica; decline of; and global warming; multiyear ice; and ocean currents; and sea levels; and shipping

sea levels: at-risk cities; and climate change; and glaciers; and sea ice; and urbanization

Sea of Okhotsk

sea surface temperatures (SST)

Seager, Richard

Serreze, Mark

Sheutiapik, Elisapee

Shiklomanov, Igor Alexander

Shiklomanov, Nikolay

shipping

Shishmaref, Alaska

Sibaral

Siberia

Siberian Curse

Silent Spring (Carson)

Simmons, Matt

Simon, Julian

Singapore

Singh, Harnarayan

Singh, Parminder

slum cities

smart grids

Smith, Adam

snowpack

solar power

Somalia

Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland

Sonoran Desert

South Africa

South America. See also specific countries

South Kara Sea

South Korea

South Ossetia

South-to-North Water Diversion project

Soviet Union. See also Russia and the Russian Federation

Spain

Stalin, Joseph

State Water Project