10.

In writing this chapter, I’ve elected to focus more on the social significance of Emacs than the software significance. To read more about the software side, I recommend Stallman’s 1979 memo. I particularly recommend the section titled “Research Through Development of Installed Tools” (#SEC27). Not only is it accessible to the nontechnical reader, it also sheds light on how closely intertwined Stallman’s political philosophies are with his software-design philosophies. A sample excerpt follows:

EMACS could not have been reached by a process of careful design, because such processes arrive only at goals which are visible at the outset, and whose desirability is established on the bottom line at the outset. Neither I nor anyone else visualized an extensible editor until I had made one, nor appreciated its value until he had experienced it. EMACS exists because I felt free to make individually useful small improvements on a path whose end was not in sight.

Chapter 7 notes

1.

See Richard Stallman, “Initial GNU Announcement” (September 1983).

http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/initial-announcement.html

2.

See Marshall Kirk McKusick, “Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix”, Open Sources (O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1999): 38.

3.

See Richard Stallman (1986).

4.

Multiple sources: see Richard Stallman interview, Gerald Sussman email, and Jargon File 3.0.0.

http://www.clueless.com/jargon3.0.0/TWENEX. html

5.

See http://www.as.cmu.edu/~geek/humor/See_Figure_1.txt

6.

See “MIT AI Lab Tourist Policy”.

http://catalog.com/hopkins/text/tourist-policy.html

7.

See H. P. Newquist, The Brain Makers: Genius, Ego, and Greed in the Quest for Machines that Think (Sams Publishing, 1994): 172.

8.

Ibid.: 196.

9.

Ibid. Newquist, who says this anecdote was confirmed by several Symbolics executives, writes, “The message caused a brief flurry of excitement and speculation on the part of Symbolics’ employees, but ultimately, no one took Stallman’s outburst that seriously”.

10.

See Steven Levy, Hackers (Penguin USA [paperback], 1984): 426.

11.

See Bill Gates, “An Open Letter to Hobbyists” (February 3, 1976).

To view an online copy of this letter, go to http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/ gateswhine.html.

12.

See Richard Stallman, Open Sources (O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1999): 56.

Stallman adds his own footnote to this statement, writing, “As an atheist, I don’t follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I admire something one of them has said”.

13.

See Richard Stallman, “The GNU Manifesto” (1985).

http://www.gnu.org/manifesto.html

Chapter 8 notes

1.

See “Grateful Dead Time Capsule: 1985-1995 North American Tour Grosses”.

http://www.accessplace.com/gdtc/1197.htm

2.

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