The Knights Templar

45

Quoted in Mark Hedsel, The Zelator (Random House, 1998), p.131.

46

Michael Baigent & Richard Leigh, The Temple and the Lodge (Jonathan Cape 1989), p.84.

47

Baigent & Leigh, ibid., p.88.

48

Alan Butler & Stephen Dafoe, The Warriors and the Bankers (Templar Books, 1998).

49

Seward, op. cit., p.222.

50

Quoted in Peter Partner, The Murdered Magicians (OUP, 1981), p.92.

51

Baigent & Leigh, op. cit., pp.127–31.

52

Umberto Eco, Foucault’s Pendulum (Secker & Warburg, 1989), p.619.

53

Baigent, Leigh & Lincoln, op. cit., pp.413–4.

Appendix I: Chronology

c.1070 Birth of Hugues de Payen; Foundation of the Hospitallers

1095 (November) Pope Urban II calls for a crusade to recapture Jerusalem

1099 (July) Jerusalem captured by the First Crusade

1104 Hugh of Champagne arrives in Outremer (possibly with Hugues de Payen)

1114 Bishop of Chartres refers to a military order called the ‘Militia of Christ’

c.1119 Traditional founding date of the Templars

1120 (January) Council of Nablus: Templars accepted in the East

1127 First meeting between Hugues de Payen and St Bernard of Clairvaux

1129 (January) Council of Troyes. The Latin Rule of the Temple established

1131 In Praise of the New Knighthood by St Bernard

1135 Earliest records of Templars acting as bankers

c.1136 Death of Hugues de Payen (possibly 1131); Hospitallers begin militarisation

1136–37 Templars first established in the Amanus March

1139 Omnes datum optimum (possibly as late as 1152)

1144 Milites templi (possibly as early as 1134)

1145 Militia Dei

1147–49 The Second Crusade

1148–49 Templars granted Gaza

1153 Fall of Ascalon to the Franks

Mid 1160s Hierarchical statutes or retrais added to the Rule

Late 1160s Statutes on conventual life, the holding of chapters, and penances added to the Rule

1168 Templars refuse to participate in the Egyptian campaign

1173 Assassin envoy murdered by the Templars

1187 (1 May) Battle of the Springs of Cresson; (4 July) Battle of Hattin; (2 October) Jerusalem falls to Saladin

1188 Council of Gisors: the ‘Cutting of the Elm’

1189–92 The Third Crusade

1192 Templars move headquarters to Acre

1191–92 Templars occupy – and for a short time, own – Cyprus

1191–1216 Templars and Leo of Armenia in conflict over the Amanus March

1198 Foundation of the Teutonic Knights

1202–04 The Fourth Crusade

1208 Innocent III accuses the Templars of necromancy; Start of the Albigensian Crusade

1217–21 Building of the castle of ’Atlit (Pilgrim’s Castle)

1218–21 The Fifth Crusade