1946.
33 Joint Chiefs of Staff to the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, June 9, 1947, in FRUS: 1947, VII, 838–48; GFK to Walton Butterworth, October 29, 1947, PPS Records, Box 33, “Chronological—1947” folder. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 218–20. GFK’s National War College comments, delivered on May 6, 1947, are in Harlow and Maerz, Measures Short of War, pp. 198–99.
34 “The Situation in China and U.S. Policy,” November 3, 1947, PPS Records, Box 13, “China 1947–8” folder.
35 Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 220–23.
36 Notes, Secretary of the Navy’s Council Meeting, January 14, 1948, GFK Papers, 299:3.
37 PPS/23, “Review of Current Trends: U.S. Foreign Policy,” February 24, 1948, in FRUS: 1948, I, 523–29.
38 Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations. Joel D. Rosenthal tracks the parallels between GFK and Morgenthau in Righteous Realists.
39 PPS/15, “Report on Activities of the Policy Planning Staff (May to November 1947),” November 13, 1947, in PPS Papers, I, 146.
40 Travis, Kennan and the Russian-American Relationship, pp. 292–93; GFK interview, September 4, 1984, p. 18; Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, p. 251; GFK Diary, January 30, 1948; GFK to MacMurray, September 19, 1950, ibid., 139:8. GFK discussed MacMurray’s warning in his first book, American Diplomacy, p. 48.
41 The best treatment of MacArthur’s policies in Japan and of his political aspirations is James, Years of MacArthur, III, 1–217. The reference to Caesar is in GFK’s report on his first conversation with MacArthur on March 1, 1948, in PPS/28/2, “Memoranda of Conversations with General of the Army Douglas MacArthur,” in PPS Papers: 1948, II, 184.
42 GFK, Memoirs, I, 376.
43 GFK interview by Pogue; Green interview by Kennedy; GFK memorandum of conversation with MacArthur, March 5, 1948, in PPS/28/2, in PPS Papers, II, 186. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 382–84; and Hessman interview by Wright, p. 20.
44 GFK, Memoirs, I, 384–85; Green interview by Kennedy.
45 James, Years of MacArthur, I, 63–66. Kennan family legend has it that one of MacArthur’s teachers was Miss Emily Strong, who also taught Jeanette and George, but I have not been able to confirm this independently. JKH interview by JEK, November 2, 1972, p. 35; GFK interview, December 13, 1987, p. 2.
46 GFK memorandum of conversation with MacArthur, March 5, 1948, in PPS/28/2, in PPS Papers, II, 187–96; Green interview by Kennedy. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 370, 386; and Schaller, MacArthur, pp. 150–51.
47 GFK, Memoirs, I, 386; Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 264–68.
48 James, Years of MacArthur, III, 233. See also Schaller, MacArthur, pp. 150–51.
49 GFK, Memoirs, I, 393; GFK interview, September 4, 1984, p. 18.
50 GFK presentation to the Senate Armed Services Committee, “Preparedness as Part of Foreign Relations,” January 8, 1948, GFK Papers, 299:1. Soviet sources confirm GFK’s argument about the defensive objectives of the Czech coup. See Pechatnov and Edmondson, “The Russian Perspective,” in Levering et al., Debating the Origins of the Cold War, pp. 134–35.
51 GFK to Marshall, January 6 and February 3, 1948, PPS Records, Box 33, “Chronological January–May 1948” folder. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 116– 20.
52 PPS/27, “Western Union and Related Problems,” March 23, 1948, in PPS Papers, II, 162; GFK to Louis Halle, April 20, 1966, GFK Papers, 59:1–4. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 113–23.
53 Ibid., pp. 103–4. For Clay’s message, see Smith, Lucius D. Clay, pp. 466–67.
54 GFK to Marshall and Lovett, March 15, 1948, in FRUS: 1948, III, 848–49.
55 Hickerson annotation, ibid., p. 849n; Hickerson interview, November 15, 1983, p. 8.
56 GFK, Memoirs, I, 403. For GFK’s moderate use of alcohol, see Black interview, November 24, 1987, p. 10.
57 James, Years of MacArthur, III, 221–26, discusses the other pressures converging on MacArthur at the time.
58 ASK to Frieda Por, March 8, 1948, JEK Papers. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, p. 264; Hessman interview by Wright, p. 21; and GFK, Memoirs, I, 404.
59 Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 124–27. For Truman speech, see Public Papers of the Presidents: Truman 1948, Document 52.
60 Truman Diary, March 20, 1948, in Ferrell, Off the Record, p. 127; Marshall memorandum of conversation with Truman, May 12, 1948, in FRUS: 1948, V, 975. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, pp. 99–102; and Clifford and Holbrooke, Counsel to the President, pp. 3–25.
