George F. Kennan : an American life

3 This paragraph relies on Oppenheimer’s summary of the two schools’ position for the Institute Board of Trustees meeting, November 15, 1955, Strauss Papers, IAS Files, Box 109. (This and the following citations from the Strauss Papers are courtesy of Craig Wright.)

4 The letters, written between March and October 1955, are in Von Neumann to Strauss, November 14, 1955, Strauss Papers, IAS Files, Box 109.

5 Minutes, Board of Trustees meeting, November 15, 1955, ibid.; Sidney A. Mitchell to Oppenheimer, June 6, 1956, ibid.; Erica Mosner, Institute for Advanced Study Archives, to JLG, November 9, 2010.

6 GFK Diary, January 30 and February 1, 1955; GFK interview by Labalme, August 30, 1989, p. 15; GFK, Memoirs, II, 15.

7 Link interview, p. 2; Hessman interview, pp. 12–13; GFK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 9.

8 Link interview, p. 2; GFK, Memoirs, II, 16–17. See also GFK to Kantorowicz, January 31, 1957, GFK Papers, 138:2.

9 GFK Diary, March 6 and 10, 1955; Harrison Salisbury, “When Russia’s Revolution Was Young,” New York Times Book Review, August 26, 1956, pp. 1, 18; GFK to Acheson, September 5, 1956, Acheson Papers, 17:222, Yale University.

10 Barghoorn in Political Science Quarterly 72 (June 1957), 306–8; Perkins in American Historical Review 62 (January 1957), 367–68; GFK to Butterfield, December 17, 1956, GFK Papers, 53; GFK, Russia Leaves the War, pp. 3, 29, 64.

11 Williams in Wisconsin Magazine of History 40 (Winter 1956–57), 133. See also his Tragedy of American Diplomacy.

12 GFK remarks at National Book Award ceremony, March 12, 1957, GFK Papers, 301:9. The actual line, from Henry V, Act IV, Scene 1, is “That we should dress us fairly for our end.” See Chapter Eleven for another use of it.

13 GFK Diary, May 6 and 23, 1957; Link interview, September 8, 1983, p. 5.

14 GFK Diary, December 26, 1955, January 21, 1956.

15 Dilworth interview, pp. 1–2; GFK Diary, September 21, 23, 1956.

16 Ibid., January 3, 30, February 1, March 19, 23, 1955; Dilworth interview, p. 8.

17 GFK Diary, March 15, 20, 25, 1955.

18 Ibid., February 29, August 5, 1956.

19 Ibid., January 27, 1956; GFK to Stevenson, March 28, 1956, GFK Papers, 53; GFK address to the Princeton Stevenson for President Committee, April 30, 1956, ibid., 301:2. See also New York Times, January 31, 1956.

20 GFK speech to the Pittsburgh Foreign Policy Association, May 3, 1956, GFK Papers, 255:10; James Reston, “ ‘Style’ in Foreign Policy,” and Richard J. H. Johnson, “Old Pros Heading Stevenson Staff,” both in New York Times, May 7, 1956; Machrowicz to Stevenson, May 10, 1956, Stevenson to Machrowicz, May 26, 1956, both in “Stevenson Says Kennan Doesn’t Speak for Him,” U.S. News & World Report, June 29, 1956, p. 78. See also New York Times, June 9, 1956.

21 Sulzberger Diary, August 1, 1956, in Sulzberger, Last of the Giants, p. 309; GFK Diary, August 20, 23, 26, 1956.

22 William P. Bundy interview, pp. 15–16; GFK to Maury, April 12, 1954, GFK Papers, 138. GFK later described his post–State Department CIA connections in a letter to KWK, November 11, 1996, ibid., 24:8.

23 Grose, Gentleman Spy, pp. 424–26; Frank Wisner to Allen Dulles, May 8, 1956, and to Robert Murphy, July 4, 1956, in FRUS: 1955–57, XXIV, 96–98, 125–27; GFK handwritten “Comment,” undated, GFK Papers, 301:4.

24 Sulzberger Diary, August 1, 1956, in Sulzberger, The Last of the Giants, p. 315; GFK lecture at Johns Hopkins University, October 17, 1956, GFK Papers, 301:6.

25 GFK October 11, 1956, testimony, U. S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy and Mutual Security, pp. 170–71; GFK Diary, October 22, 1956; William C. Bullitt, “What Should We Do About Russia?” U.S. News & World Report, June 29, 1956, p. 71. The Gibbon quotation is in Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, III, 49.

26 GFK to Brainard Cheney, October 29, 1956, GFK Papers, 138; Kennan-Maury telephone transcript, November 1, 1956, GFK Diary. For recent accounts of the Polish, Hungarian, and Suez crises, see the essays by Csaba Bekes and Douglas Little in Leffler and Westad, Cambridge History of the Cold War.

27 GFK Diary, November 7 and 11, 1956.

28 GFK to Henderson, June 1, 1955, Henderson to GFK, June 18, 1955, Henderson Papers, Box 2, Folder “K”; GFK to Frank Aydelotte, February 24, 1955, Aydelotte to GFK, February 27, 1955, GFK Papers, 138:5. A brief history of the professorship and a list of its occupants appear in American Oxonian 87 (Summer 2000), 88–89.

29 GFK to Kallin, June 29, 1957, GFK Papers, 54:3; GFK, Memoirs, II, 230–31; GFK to KWK, July 20, 1957, JEK Papers.

30 GFK Diary, July 28 and August 28, 1957; GFK, Russia, the Atom and the West, p. vii.

31 GFK Diary, August 28, and September 7, 1957; GFK, Memoirs, II, 232–33, 262–