The End of Sparta

fear of the man-animal-wolf, bear, panther or whatever he was supposed to be-that killed wayfarers. As the walls reached their sixth course, and the buds swelled on the fruit trees, all gave up on the Spartan stragglers-except Nikon, who would not believe that Gorgos, the killer of Erinna, was dead and so went out after his ghost each morning. Finally, when the grain stalks bent, and the night frosts quit as the top courses were laid on the northern sections of the walls, he came late into the camp of the Boiotians.

“Gone. I know that now. Neto must be long dead. But her killer Kuniskos I wager lives in the wild. He’s in the high pines, Melon. Your Gorgos-he has gone to the highlands. We hear that from some of those Spartans who are left on Taygetos, thinking Agesilaos will come back yet. But both banks of the Alpheios are now free and wide open and our boys are throwing their Spartans and their friends off our lands all the way to Elis in the north. Only a few grandees remain on their estates, lackeys of the Spartans, but we will get to them by the time the grain droops.”

Melon scoffed at Nikon. He thought all of his Helikon people were now dead-his Neto, along with Gorgos and Chion. All were gone to join Lophis. “Gorgos? He’s dead. Gone to the other shore, you mean, to meet the killers and robbers in the gloomy pools and pits of Tartaros where he belongs. How could he have escaped when his compound was said to be surrounded and his men hunted down? Nikon, remember that the ghost you are hunting is only one man. Just one old Gorgos you run after. I wager he was surely run down amid the mob of fleeing Spartans-and forgotten in the carnage. I wish he were alive, so I could kill him five times over for his taking of Neto.”

Nikon raised his tone. “No, no. I sense it, even if the Spartan rumors are false. The soul of Neto speaks to me, warns me of our danger. Gorgos at least lives. He’s alive but gone from here. He’s with Antikrates. Both are fated to no good unless we kill them now. They will lead an army against new Messene. Ask the souls of your Proxenos and our Erinna; they’d be alive now if those two were dead. Doreios and I will go back out, one last time, and scour the valleys from the altis at Olympia to the summit on Taygetos. We can smell him from here. I will come back before Epaminondas leaves with news of your Gorgos or the head of our Kuniskos.” Nikon went back up to Taygetos and all word of him went as well.

The builders from Thebes had taught the helots how to cut and dress stones, and how to swing their block and tackle over the walls’ rise with cranes mounted on oak beams. After the bloody work of Epiteles, there was no need for patrolling any more for bandits as spring came on, and the blue lupin of the month of Agrionios began to bloom amid calm. The helots stacked their stones, and it was agreed that the Spartans were all either dead or on the other side of Taygetos. Ainias sat atop the first tower and with a clay-baked cone barked out orders to those below. Epaminondas was drilling Messenian hoplites and teaching them the spear work of the phalanx-just in case Agesilaos came before the seventh or eight circuit was finished.

Alkidamas had reclaimed his hostage servant Melissos. The boy, for all his tough talk of armies and killing, was quieter as he took in the rising walls of Messene-as if the stones held him in a trance and were no longer ramparts to copy, but almost had voices that spoke to him about the power of democracy. He, like Ainias, had thought the helots would only kill and loot, but was learning that they were better wall builders than the men even of Mantineia and Megalopolis-and wondered why the Spartans themselves could never build a citadel like Messene. Alkidamas and Melissos took Melon and Ephoros up to the high perch of Ainias, where the five could see the entire circuit of the new polis and the terraced fields of the spring-green valleys beyond. Off in the distance they could spot Epaminondas at dawn, coming back into the valley of Ithome, after a final march from Pylos by the sea with his new army of Messenian hoplites. They saw the outline of an entire city-the people of Messenia in constant motion, up and down Ithome, as walls rose higher by the day, the towers elegant with dressed stones and polished embrasures. Pelopidas’s men were leading hundreds of teams of oxen, bringing down the latest batch of gray blocks from the mountain crest. Alkidamas pointed in every direction, as if he were charting the stars, in a slow methodical circle. “What are we to call all this, my conspirators in democracy? Has any in Hellas ever seen men working on through the dark-and yet back sweaty as well by the sunrise? No wonder the men of Sparta ate well with slaves like these. But how much harder they work when their fruits are their own. They are Hellenes all along, better than any of the free Peloponnesians.”

Ainias kept pacing around the parapet, unsure himself whether to be proud over Proxenos’s city or angry that in his mind it rose so slowly-or madder that he was here at all. But for now, he was confident that the helots would at last shackle the Spartans and keep them home for good. “There is a natural law, Alkidamas, at work, that always winnows out the chaff from wheat. So now with these fields and stones, all the Hellenes can see cities of the Spartans and Messenians side-by-side, and determine who are the better folk after all.”

Alkidamas laughed. “So Ainias is now won over to our side? The good cities are the work of the demos, just like when our Boiotians settled all their own affairs. What has oligarchy ever brought Hellas? If we are in the age of stone, it is because these vast new cities marshaled the people, who alone decide how it will protect itself. It is the people, always the people who both loot and yet alone create lasting cities of stone.” Ainias ignored him. But Melon was troubled hearing that praise of the demos, inasmuch as he was in deep thought about Neto and Chion, and wondered what his son Lophis had died for. In this new age of Hellas, where walls and democracy made all alike, there were no longer to be men like the son of Malgis, Epiteles, and Ainias-and, if the truth be known, Lichas too, who had warned them all of what they had done at Leuktra in the parley after the defeat of the Spartans. There would be no more Chions either? No, the age of the hoplites, of a few exceptional men in bronze, who would decide the fate of states in an afternoon of hard war, was now over-destroyed by a few exceptional men in bronze. Perhaps Alkidamas was right after all about the good future ahead for the helots, but in a fashion he hardly imagined. The people had their bellies full of war and the songs of battle, and the armored men who owned land and could alone afford bronze. So they had built themselves walls to avoid fighting, at least fighting in the fashion of hoplites and phalanxes. Perhaps the people would stay snug in their high stones, and settle their quarrels with the new machines that flung iron arrows over the ramparts, or draw on the book knowledge of Ainias and Proxenos how to mine, and countermine-how to do anything other than march to the sound of crashing wood and bronze. What would the stone-bound do if they met folk like Melissos and his Makedonians, his tribes from the north who were weaned on horses and carried on their belts bright badges that marked the number of men they had cut down in battle?

Melon woke up from his day trance and noticed that Alkidamas and the dour Ainias had been talking the entire time as they moved all over to the highest ramparts of a section of finished walls. Ainias now continued: “Come over here, Melon, we can talk and I can point to you the stones as they rise. You can see that by month’s end all twenty towers are finished. Look at the streets of the city. They’re all paved with flat stones and drains, and all in a grid, with corners square. Look at the city of Proxenos. He drew it from the mind of Hippodamos, who got his odd and even streets, his straight lines from the voice of the One God himself. And the childish Messenians followed his plans only on the silly myth they were not really Proxenos’s ideas, but those of their ancient hero Aristomenes who supposedly three hundred years earlier had prophesied that his people would build a city far grander than the Spartan hill and then buried his plans in a jar. When a Spartan goes to battle, he leaves a mess, a labyrinth of clutter on his acropolis. When a Messenian rushes out to meet enemies, he now runs down a broad way to a square agora. His phalanx falls together in the manner in which his city was planned, his field surveyed, and the seats of his council hall divided up. Every hoplite, every house, every farm, every bench will be equal to another, none greater, none smaller-daily reminders that there are no more Spartans, no more harmosts, only the square corners of square thoughts.”

By the fourth month of the new year, the capstones of more than half the walls of Messene were nearly finished-even though the Argives and Boiotians had forced the Messenians to add ten stadia to ensure that the circuit ran up the slopes to the crests of Mt. Ithome. Rumors of a Spartan army on the move against the new helot state proved fantasy-as did more stories about Neto and Chion alive on Taygetos hunting down Gorgos. In truth, Agesilaos was still hobbling along the banks of the Eurotas and waiting for his Spartan stragglers to get back home safely over the high passes of Taygetos as the spring snow melted and with it the last guard of the Spartan-held Messenia, never to return. When King Agesilaos finally drew up his muster lists, he discovered that few of his Spartans in the west had made it back alive from Ithome. Shepherds had brought him more news of the arrival of the wild shape-changer-not a god, or even a half-god like Herakles, but a man-wolf, or mountain bear, yes, more a man-bear-hunting down all winter long the Spartan packs in the mountains, and hanging the kryptes by their capes. For some he was surely some daimon of legend. Perhaps he was wily Sinis, who tied his prey between two bent pines and watched the trunk split the legs, now come up from Epidauros to find new prey. Others swore they had seen the killer Skiron who tossed his victims