The history of Rome. Book V

69. I. XI. Manumission.

70. II. III. Continued Distress.

71. At least the latter rule occurs in the old Egyptian royal laws (Diodorus, i. 79). On the other hand the Solonian legislation knows no restrictions on interest, but on the contrary expressly allows interest to be fixed of any amount at pleasure.

72. V. VI. Caesar's Agrarian Law.

73. V. VI. Caesar's Agrarian Law.

74. IV. II. Tribunate of Gracchus, IV. II. The Domain Question Viewed in Itself, IV. IV. The Domain Question under the Restoration.

75. IV. XII. Carneades at Rome, V. III. Continued Subsistence of the Sullan Constitution.

76. IV. X. The Roman Municipal System.

77. Of both laws considerable fragments still exist.

78. V. XI. Diminution of the Proletariate.

79. V. VII. Gaul Subdued.

80. As according to Caesar's ordinance annually sixteen propraetors and two proconsuls divided the governorships among them, and the latter remained two years in office (p. 344), we might conclude that he intended to bring the number of provinces in all up to twenty. Certainty is, however, the less attainable as to this, seeing that Caesar perhaps designedly instituted fewer offices than candidatures.

81. This is the so-called 'free embass', (libera legatio), namely an embassy without any proper public commission entrusted to it.

82. V. II. Piracy.

83. V. XI. In The Administration of the Capital.

84. V. XI. Foreign Mercenaries.

85. V. IX. In the Governorships.

86. V. XI. Financial Reforms of Caesar.

87. V. I. Organizations of Sertorius.

88. V. XI. Robberies and Damage by War.

89. V. XI. The Roman Capitalists in the Provinces.

90. V. I. Transpadanes, V. VIII. Settlement of the New Monarchial Rule.

91. Narbo was called the colony of the Decimani, Baeterrae of the Septimani, Forum Julii of the Octavani, Arelate of the Sextani, Arausio of the Secundani. The ninth legion is wanting, because it had disgraced its number by the mutiny of Placentia (p. 246). That the colonists of these colonies belonged to the legions from which they took their names, is not stated and is not credible; the veterans themselves were, at least the great majority of them, settled in Italy (p. 358). Cicero's complaint, that Caesar 'had confiscated whole provinces and districts at a blow', (De Off. ii. 7, 27; comp. Philipp. xiii. 15, 31, 32) relates beyond doubt, as its close connection with the censure of the triumph over the Massiliots proves, to the confiscations of land made on account of these colonies in the Narbonese province and primarily to the losses of territory imposed on Massilia.

92. IV. VII. Bestowal of Latin Rights on the Italian Celts.

93. V. XI. Other Magistracies and Attributions.

94. We are not expressly informed from whom the Latin rights of the non-colonized townships of this region and especially of Nemausus proceeded. But as Caesar himself (B. C. i. 35) virtually states that Nemausus up to 705 was a Massiliot village; as according to Livy's account (Dio, xli. 25; Flor. ii. 13; Oros. vi. 15) this very portion of territory was taken from the Massiliots by Caesar; and lastly as even on pre-Augustan coins and then in Strabo the town appears as a community of Latin rights, Caesar alone can have been the author of this bestowal of Latinity. As to Ruscino (Roussillon near Perpignan) and other communities in Narbonese Gaul which early attained a Latin urban constitution, we can only conjecture that they received it contemporarily with Nemausus.