Stalingrad

?sKhID?

Tsentr Khraneniya i Izucheniya Dokumentalnikh Kollektsiy (Centre for the Conservation and Study of Historic Document Collections), Moscow

TsMVS

Tsentralnyy Muzey Vooruzhyonnykh Sil (Central Museum of the Armed Forces), Moscow

VOTsDNI

Volgograd Oblast, Tsentr Dokumentov Noveyshey Istorii (Volgograd Regional Centre for Documents of Contemporary History)

(NB. German documents cited from Russian archives are, unless otherwise stated, Russian translations of captured papers.)

INTERVIEWS AND UNPUBLISHED ACCOUNTS

Yelena Filippovna Albert (Stalingrad anti-aircraft defences); Winrich Behr (Hauptmann, HQ Sixth Army and Sonderstab Milch); Lev Aleksandrovich Bezyminsky (Senior Lieutenant, Red Army Intelligence, Don Front HQ); Gottfried von Bismarck (Leutnant, 76th Infantry Division); C. M. Bogomolov (Lieutenant, NKVD, Don Front HQ); Alexander Furst zu Dohna-Schlobitten (Rittmeister, HQXIV Panzer Corps); Nikolay Dmitrevich Dyat-lenko (Major, NKVD, Don Front HQ); Josef Farber (Soldat, 305th Infantry Division); Generalleutnant a.D. Bernd Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven (Hauptmann, 16th Panzer Division and Sonderstab Milch); Zinaida Georgevna Gavrielova (Lieutenant, Medical Services, 62nd Army); Prof. Dr Hans Girgensohn (pathologist, Sixth Army); Aleksandr Vladimirovich Glichov (Lieutenant, 24th Army, then 65th Army); Professor Nikolay Viktorovich Goncharov (Stalingrad civilian); Nina Grigorevna Grebennikova (Stalingrad civilian); Dr Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Grigorev (Stalingrad civilian); Klemens Graf von Kageneck (Hauptmann, 3rd Panzer Division); Viktor Ivanovich Kidyarov (Sergeant, 62nd Army); Lazar Ilich Lazarev (Lieutenant, Marine Infantry); Henry Metelmann (Soldat, 22nd Panzer Division); Valentina Ivanovna Nefyodova (Stalingrad civilian); Oberstleutnant a.D. Gert Pfeiffer (Hauptmann, 60th Motorized Infantry Division); Hans Schmieder (Hauptwachtmeister, 9th Flak Division, Luftwaffe); Aleksandr Sergeevich Smirnov (Sergeant, 64th Army); Klavdia Vasilevna Sterman (Private, Red Army Aviation); Aleksandr Vasilevich Tsygankov (Lieutenant, 62nd Army); Boris Nikolaevich Ulko (Corporal, 1st Guards Army); Heinz Wischnewski (Leutnant, 22nd Infantry Division)

Three other veterans wanted their contributions to remain anonymous.

Source Notes

PREFACE

p. xiv 13,500 executions, Institute of Military History, 21 Jan. 1993, quoted in Erickson, ‘Red Army battlefield p. xiv p. xiv performance’, p. 244

p. xiv ‘former Russians’, Dobronin to Shcherbakov, 8 Oct. 1942, TsAMO 48/486/24, p. 81

CHAPTER 1

p. 3 ‘an important clarification’, Berezhkov, In diplomatischer Mission bei Hitler,p. 63

p. 3 ‘thirty-nine aircraft…’, Maslennikov, RGVA, 38652/1/58.

p. 4 ‘is not here…’, Berezhkov, op. cit., p. 64

p. 5 ‘Disinformation has…’, quoted in Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 212

p. 6 ‘In the course…’, quoted in Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad,p. 110

p. 6 ‘Reichsminister von Ribbentrop…’, Berezhkov, op. cit., p. 65

p. 7 ‘barely five feet tall…’, Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 195

p. 7 ‘like a caged…’, ‘statesmanlike…’, ‘The Fuhrer…’, Schmidt, pp. 212, 234

p. 7 ‘His face was scarlet…’, Berezhkov, op. cit., p. 67

p. 8 ‘The Soviet Government’s…’, Schmidt, pp. 234–5

p. 8 ‘The Fuhrer…’, Berezhkov, op. cit., p. 67

p. 8 ‘You’ll regret…’, Berezhkov, op. cit., p. 68

p. 9 ‘Even if you retreat…’, Volkogonov, p. 413

p. 10 ‘It was as if…’, Gavrielova, conversation, 22 Nov. 1995

p. 10 ‘fought in four wars’, Goncharov, conversation, 23 Nov. 1995

p. 10 ‘We thought…’, Nefyodova, conversation, 22 Nov. 1995

p. 11 ‘Propaganda fell…’, Grigorev, conversation, 22 Nov. 1995

CHAPTER 2

p. 12 ‘Nothing is impossible…!’ Reichstag speech of 4 May 1941, Volkischer Beobachter, 5 May 1941

p. 12 ‘to establish a defence…’, Fuhrer Directive No. 21, 18 Dec. 1940

p. 13 ‘The war with Russia…’, Gefreiter, 24th Pz. Div., interrogation, 12 Aug. 1942, TsAMO 48/453/13, p. 32

p. 13 305th Inf. Div. motor transport, BA-MA, RH19 VI/1, p. 129

p. 14 ‘Our optimism…’, Freytag-Loringhoven, conversation, 23 Oct. 1995

p. 14 ‘the final encounter…’, IMT ND-447-PS

p. 14 ‘that the downfall of 1918…’, BA-MA, RW4/577

p. 14 ‘That would be…’, Stahlberg, p. 159

p. 15 ‘battle between…’, quoted in Messerschmidt, p. 214

p. 16 ‘Many tens of millions…’, IMT ND 221-L

p. 16 ‘It makes one’s hair…’, Hassell, 8 Apr. 1941, p. 173

p. 16 ‘The annihilation of those same Jews…’, quoted in Jurgen Forster, ‘Motivation and indoctrination in the Wehrmacht, 1933–1945’, in Addison and Calder, p. 270

p. 17 ‘The jewish-bolshevik…’, 11th Army HQ 20 Nov. 1941, quoted in Klee and Dressen, pp. 41–44

p. 17 ‘Thegenerals…’, paulus,2iJuly 1951,’DasVerhalten der Generalitat unter Hitler’, BA-MA, N372/9, p. 1

p. 17 ‘For us…’, Edgar Klaus, p. 36, and Beitrage zur Geschichte der 60. Infanterie Division (mot.), TS, MGFA-P, 1979, p. 3

p. 17 ‘Instead of…’, Kroll, conversation, 6 May 1996

p. 18 ‘Within the regiment…’, Kageneck, conversation, 24 Oct. 1995

p. 18 ‘of the three…’, Dr Alois Beck, OStA-AdR 522

p. 18 ‘You could not…’, anonymous conversation, 16 May 1996

p. 18 ‘the Wehrmacht should not…’, Theo Schulte, ‘The German soldier in occupied Russia’, in Addison and Calder, p. 279

p. 18 ‘shocked by…’, Dohna-Schlobitten, pp. 213–14, and conversation, 16 Oct. 1995

p. 19 ‘handed over…’, RGVA, 38652/1/8

p. 19 ‘The bombs were falling…’, Col. I. T. Starinov, ‘The frontier aflame’, in Bialer, p. 225

p. 20 ‘Of course I’ll be there…’, Schmidt, p. 233

p. 20 ‘approximately 160…’, quoted in Domarus, vol. ii, p. 1731