and can’t. If you pressed something against his back and fired, you’d get gunshot residue on the clothes and in the entrance wound, not just an inch inside and then deeper.”
“I looked at his clothes earlier.”
“No burns or soot, no evidence of GSR,” she says.
“Not grossly,” I correct her, because not being able to see gunshot residue doesn’t mean it isn’t there.
“Exactly. Nothing visually.”
“What about Morrow? I don’t suppose he came downstairs yesterday while Marino had the body in ID, printing him, collecting personal effects. I don’t suppose someone thought to ask Morrow to do a presumptive test for nitrites on the clothing, since we didn’t know at that time there could be GSR or that there was even an entrance wound that correlates with cuts in the clothing.”
“Not that I know of. And he left early.”
“I heard. Well, we still can test presumptively, but I’d be really surprised if that’s what we’re seeing on MR. When Morrow or maybe Phillip gets in, let’s get them to do a Griess test just to satisfy my curiosity before we move on to something else. I’m betting it will be negative, but it’s not destructive, so nothing lost.”
It’s a simple, quick procedure involving desensitized photographic paper that is treated with a solution of sulfanilic acid, distilled water, and alpha-naphthol in methanol. When the paper is pressed against the area of clothing in question and then exposed to steam, any nitrite residues will turn orange.
“Of course, we’re going to do SEM-EDX,” I add. “But these days it’s a good idea to do more than one thing, since slowly but surely lead is going to disappear from ammunition, and most of these tests are looking for lead, which is toxic to the environment. So we need to start checking for zinc and aluminum alloys, plus various stabilizers and plasticizers, which are added to the gunpowder during manufacturing. Here in the US, at any rate. Not so much in combat, where poisoning the environment with heavy metals is considered a fine idea, since the goal is to create dirty bombs, the dirtier the better.”
“Not our goal, I hope.”
“No, not ours. We don’t do that.”
“I never know what to believe.”
“I do know what to believe, at least about some things. I know what comes back to us when our service people are returned to Dover,” I reply. “I know what’s in them. I know what isn’t. I know what’s manufactured by us and what’s manufactured by others, the Iraqi insurgency, the Taliban, the Iranians. That’s one of the things we do, materials analysis to figure out who is making what, who is supplying it.”
“So when I hear these things about weapons or bombs made in Iran…”
“That’s where it comes from. It’s how the US knows. Intelligence from our dead, from what they teach us.”
We leave it at that, our talk of the war, because of this other war that has killed a man who is too young to be finished. A man who took an old greyhound for a walk in the civilized world of Cambridge and ended up in my care.
“They’ve developed some really interesting technology in Texas that I want us to look into.” I return to gunshot residue because it is safer to talk about that. “Combining solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen phosphorus detector.”
“As Texas should, since it’s a state law that everybody carry a gun. Or is it that firearms are tax-deductible, like farming and raising livestock is around here?”
“Well, not quite,” I reply. “But we’ll want to look into doing something similar at the CFC, since of all places I would expect a growing prevalence of
“Of course. Don’t pollute the environment while you’re doing a drive-by shooting.”
“What scientists have come up with at Sam Houston can detect as little as one gunpowder particle, which isn’t relevant in this case, since we know this man has metal in him, almost at a microscopic level but plenty of it. Preliminarily, at any rate, Marino should have used a GSR kit on the hands at least. Since this man was armed.”
“I do know that he did that much before he printed him,” Anne says. “Because of the gun, although no sign it had been fired. But I saw him using a stub on the hands when I walked into ID at one point.”
“But not the wound, because you discovered it later. It wasn’t swabbed.”
“I haven’t done anything. I wouldn’t have. Not my department.”
“Good. I’ll take care of it when I get to it, when we turn him over,” I decide. “Let’s take out the bloc so I can blot the raw surfaces of the injured track. I’m going to use the MRI as my map and blot as much of the metal material as I can, in hopes that even if we can’t see it, we’re getting some of it. We know it’s metal. The question is, what kind of metal and what is it from?”
In wall-mounted steel cabinets with glass doors I find a box of blotting paper while Anne lifts the bloc of organs out of the body and places it on the dissecting board.
“I can’t tell you what a problem it is these days, people with metal in them,” she comments as she collects organ fragments from the chest cavity, which is opened and empty like a china cup, the ribs gleaming opaquely through glistening red tissue. “Including old bullets of the non-green variety. We get these research subjects in after the hospital’s advertised for volunteers, and of course I mean the
She returns fragments of the left kidney, the left lung, and the heart to their correct anatomical positions on the bloc of organs as if she’s piecing together a puzzle.
“Happens more often than you think,” she says. “Well, not more often than someone like you would think, since we see things like that in the morgue all the time. And then you get the old routine that bullets are lead, and lead isn’t magnetic, so it’s fine to scan the person. Usually, one of the psychiatrists who doesn’t know any better and can’t seem to remember from one time to the next that, no, wrong again. Lead, iron, nickel, cobalt. All bullets, pellets, are ferromagnetic, I don’t care if they’re so-called green, they’re going to torque because of the magnetic field. That could be a problem if someone’s got a fragment in him that’s in close proximity to a blood vessel, an organ. God forbid something was left in the brain if some poor person was shot in the head eons ago. Paxil, Neurontin, or the like aren’t going to help the poor person’s mood disorder if an old bullet relocates to the wrong place.”
She rinses a fragment of kidney and places it on the dissecting board.
“We’re going to need to measure how much blood is in the peritoneum.” I’m looking at the hole in the diaphragm that I saw hours earlier when I followed the wound track during the CT scan. “I’m going to guess at least three hundred MLs, originating through the lacerated diaphragm, and at least fifty MLs in his pericardium, which normally might suggest some time interval before death because of how much he bled. But the severity of these injuries, which are similar to blast injuries? He had no survival time. Only as long as it took for his heart and respiration to quit. If I were willing to use the term
“This is unusual.” Anne hands me a tiny fragment of kidney that is hard and brown with tan discoloration and retracted edges. “I mean, what is that? It almost looks fixed or cooked or something.”
There is more. As I pull a light closer and look at the bloc of organs, I notice hard, dry fragments of the left lung’s lower lobe and of the heart’s left ventricle. Using a steel beaker, I scoop pooled blood and hematoma out of the mediastinum, or the middle section of the chest cavity, and find more fragments and tiny, hard, irregular blood clots. Looking closely at the disrupted left kidney, I note perirenal hemorrhage and interstitial emphysema, and more evidence of the same abnormal tissue changes in areas closest to the wound track, areas most susceptible to damage from a blast. But what blast?
“Reminds me of tissue that’s been frozen, almost freeze-dried,” I say as I label sheets of blotting paper with an abbreviation for the location the sample came from. LLL for left lower lobe and LK for left kidney and LV for left ventricle of the heart.
In the strong light of a surgical lamp and the magnification of a hand lens I can barely make out dark silvery specks of whatever was blasted through this man when he was stabbed in the back. I see fibers and other debris that won’t be discernible until they are looked at under a microscope, but I feel hopeful. Something was deposited that likely was unintended by the perpetrator, trace evidence that might give me information about the weapon and the person who used it. I turn the fume hood on the lowest setting so there is nothing more than an exchange of