‘I fear so,’ replied Gaius. ‘He’s got them all so hypnotised with dread, we must be stuck with him.’
Domitian either became more solitary or in public revelled in bad-mannered behaviour. He would finish an evening at court forcing the bullied diners to endure not just wrestlers, tumblers and jugglers but troupes of seedy entertainers from the east, or horrible fortune-tellers. Given the legal attitude to magic in general, and anything that touched on the Emperor’s personal fate in particular, this was doubly cruel. Reluctant participants were coerced into applauding these acts, although at any moment their host could contradict himself and turn on them for taking part in forbidden activities.
Even at dinner, he would scarcely eat but would prowl and watch others, while belching or throwing food at his guests. It might seem uncouth but harmless, yet when people were too scared even to be seen wiping off the gravy with a napkin, it was an ugly abuse of power.
‘Anyone brought up by a batch of aunts knows that good rulers have good manners,’ Gaius grumbled. ‘Every time he burps in a senator’s face or flips a meatball, I hear my old granny mutter darkly from the grave, “courtesy costs nothing”. Of course you would never choose an emperor for his table habits, but it’s not unknown to be rid of one for crass behaviour — when a Praetorian Prefect finally snapped and murdered the Emperor Gaius, aka Caligula, the reason was that Caligula had given the Prefect, who was sensitive, an obscene watchword to pass on once too often.’
‘Who was that?’
‘His name was Cassius Chaerea. Domitian should worry, because first the Guards ambushed the mad tyrant themselves, and then that was the time they created the next emperor: they found old Claudius hiding behind a curtain and proclaimed him on the spot.’
‘For a joke.’ Lucilla knew that story. ‘Is Casperius Aelianus sensitive?’
‘Not sensitive enough. A wood-block traditionalist. All “my Emperor, right or wrong” — so hard luck, Rome.’
Domitian was determined to validate his own divinity, using that of his forebears. He inaugurated the splendid Temple of the Flavians, which he built on the site of his uncle’s house in Pomegranate Street. Domitian had been born in that house during the period when his father lacked funds, then he had spent a lot of time there later, with his uncle Flavius Sabinus, while Vespasian was away abroad.
The new temple was spectacular. It dominated an area outside the traditional sites of public monuments, on the Quirinal Hill. Set in a large square porticus and magnificently elevated on a podium, it was striking even by the high standards of Domitian’s building programme. Marble and gold decorated the huge domed mausoleum; there were many very fine reliefs showing celebratory scenes that involved Vespasian and Titus, scenes which associated them with the mythical founders and heroes of Rome, such as Romulus, who was himself turned into a god, according to legend. Domitian brought the ashes of his father and brother, with those of Julia and other relatives, and installed them together here. For generations to come, this great temple would signify the permanence of Rome.
Lucilla visited the Temple of the Gens Flavia along with other old family servants; it was a duty of Flavian freedmen and freedwomen to show formal respect. She had known Flavius Sabinus’ house from her earliest years and was saddened to see that comfortable private home turned first into a demolition site and then a strange new monument. Contrary to Domitian’s intentions, she felt that the family she had served with her mother and sister were now lost, rather than reaffirmed. Her patron Flavia Domitilla was married to Sabinus’ younger son, Clemens, who could, in theory, have felt he owned the original house even though Domitian had taken it over.
Insofar as Domitilla spoke of her reaction, she seemed to share Lucilla’s saddened feelings. It was the first real sign of unease between the Clemens family and their cousin the Emperor, though more was to come.
Turning the house into a temple had not rendered Clemens and Domitilla homeless. As the Emperor’s only surviving relatives and as parents of his designated heirs, they lived at the palace. Their two eldest sons had been renamed by their imperial uncle as Vespasian and Domitian. The young boys had been subtly separated from their parents; they had a good tutor in Quintilian, though he was getting on in years. Domitian himself gave them little attention. Lucilla knew their mother worried about their isolation.
Nobody yet took them seriously. A lot could happen in Domitian’s mind before those boys inherited so much as an old cloak.
The fact that he had identified two young brothers to succeed him had precedents. A spare was prudent. On the other hand, it could be divisive and among the conspiratorial Julio-Claudians it had never worked. Augustus’ heirs Gaius and Lucius both passed away from natural causes too soon but when Tiberius inherited with Gemellus, Gemellus quickly suffered fatal effects from a suspicious cough linctus, and when Nero inherited with his stepbrother Britannicus, almost his first brazen act was to have Britannicus handed a goblet of poisoned wine at a public banquet. If Domitian had been right when he claimed that Vespasian intended that Titus and he should rule jointly, and that Titus forged their father’s will to avoid this, then duality did not work among the Flavians either.
It was now clear that Domitian’s mind churned with greater suspicion than ever just when, if the establishment of the great family shrine meant anything, he should have been most secure. Not only had he alienated himself from the Senate, but he harboured increasing doubts about the trustworthiness of his own servants. Imperial freedmen could no longer rely on the safety of their positions.
As always, and as Themison had once suggested to Vinius and Gracilis, there could be a grain of reality in his decisions. An example was his dismissal of an elderly freedman called Epaphroditus. In his heyday, Epaphroditus had been Nero’s petitions secretary. He had served Nero faithfully, especially when a senator named Calpurnius Piso plotted with others to organise a coup; loyalists revealed details to Epaphroditus, who immediately reported everything and the conspirators were arrested. To mark him saving his Emperor’s life, Epaphroditus was awarded military honours; he also became very wealthy. He remained close to Nero to the last. After Nero was declared a public enemy, Epaphroditus helped him flee and, when requested to do so, he assisted his quailing master to kill himself.
Subsequently he continued in service. To be a remnant from a previous reign was never a good idea, nor did Epaphroditus endear himself by owning as a slave the leading stoic philosopher, Epictetus. Suddenly, Domitian banished the old scribe because of this connection to the opposition.
Sometimes, it worked the other way. Early in his reign Domitian had dismissed a secretary of finance called Tiberius Julius, whom he recalled now, ten years later, allowing the elderly man to die in Rome at the grand age of ninety. Statius wrote a consolation to his son, another senior freedman called Claudius Etruscus.
‘He would!’ commented Gaius.
‘A nice gesture,’ reproved Lucilla.
‘Crass. Claudius Etruscus really does not want to be reminded that his papa was banished under a cloud. Not least, my darling, because it might make Etruscus scared that with Domitian in his current spiteful mood, the same thing can happen to him.’
Once Gaius took against someone, he was merciless. ‘Look, he wrote a verse to celebrate the anniversary of the poet Lucan’s birth — ’
‘You snaffled my scroll!’
‘I was tidying the couch like a good boy. It tumbled on the floor from under the headrest. I assumed it must be saucy so I sneaked a look. Listen, your foolish friend says, when he and the widow, Pollia Argentaria, were discussing the birthday commission, “that rarest of wives wanted it written and billed to her account ” — surely the most revealing words he ever wrote? He has done it for the money! Well done, honest poet!’
‘I like his Lucan poem.’
Gaius lowered his voice abruptly. ‘Well don’t say so publicly.’
‘What’s wrong?’
‘Don’t you know that Lucan and his Uncle Seneca were executed for involvement in that big conspiracy against Nero? The very plot that our recently exiled Epaphroditus once exposed? Piso was the ringleader and would-be replacement emperor, but a wide range of other people died for supporting him. Seriously, I am astonished that your poet friend associates himself with Lucan publicly. This is the equivalent of celebrating Brutus and Cassius. It is all too, too reminiscent of the kind of plot with daggers that Our Master and God thinks is aiming against him.’
‘Maybe Statius is a brave man.’
‘No, he was lured by the money, and just slipped up. He’ll be writhing with fright once he thinks about it
