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Percy Harrison Fawcett was considered “the last of the individualist explorers”—those who ventured into blank spots on the map with little more than a machete, a compass, and an almost divine sense of purpose. He is seen here in 1911, the year of his fourth major Amazon expedition.

Copyright © R. de Montet-Guerin

^{Fawcett mapping the frontier between Brazil and Bolivia in 1908.}

^{Courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society}

*** At the age of eighteen Fawcett graduated from Britain’s Royal Military Academy, where he learned to be “a natural leader of men fearless.” Sandhurst Collection, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst

Nina, whom Fawcett met in Ceylon and married in 1901, once compared her situation to that of a sailor’s wife: “very uncertain and lonely” and “miserably poor.” Copyright © R. de Montet-Guerin E. A. Reeves, the Royal Geographical Society’s map curator, was charged with turning Fawcett into a gentleman explorer. Courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society

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*** For centuries Europeans viewed the Amazon as a mythical landscape where Indians might have heads in the middle of their chests, as this sixteenth-century drawing illustrates. Courtesy of The Hispanic Society of America, New York

The legendary kingdom of El Dorado depicted in a sixteenth-century illustration printed in Germany. Courtesy of The Hispanic Society of America, New York

Dr. Alexander Hamilton Rice, Fawcett’s main rival, was a multimillionaire “as much at home in the elegant swirl of Newport society as in the steaming jungles of Brazil.” Courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society

“How long could we carry on” was the vital question: Fawcett (foreground right) and his men facing starvation during their search for the source of the Rio Verde in 1908. Courtesy of the Library of Congress

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(Above) A member of Dr. Rice’s 1919-20 expedition deploys a wireless telegraphy set-an early radio- allowing the party to receive news from the outside world. Courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society (Right) Dr. Rice’s 1924-25 expedition included a machine that would