Einstein: His Life and Universe

20

. Gilbert Lewis coined the name “photon” in 1926. Einstein in 1905 discovered a quantum of light. Only later, in 1916, did he discuss the quantum’s momentum and its zero rest mass. Jeremy Bernstein has noted that one of the most interesting discoveries Einstein did

not

make in 1905 was the photon. Jeremy Bernstein, letter to the editor,

Physics Today

, May 2006.

21

. Gribbin and Gribbin, 81.

22

. Max Planck to Einstein, July 6, 1907.

23

. Max Planck and three others to the Prussian Academy, June 12, 1913, CPAE 5: 445.

24

. Max Planck,

Scientific Autobiography

(New York: Philosophical Library, 1949), 44; Max Born, “Einstein’s Statistical Theories,” in Schilpp, 163.

25

. Quoted in Gerald Holton, “Millikan’s Struggle with Theory,”

Europhysics News

31 (2000): 3.

26

. Einstein to Michele Besso, Dec. 12, 1951, AEA 7-401.

27

. Completed Apr. 30, 1905, submitted to the University of Zurich on July 20, 1905, submitted to

Annalen der Physik

in revised form on Aug. 19, 1905, and published by

Annalen der Physik

Jan. 1906. See Norton 2006c and www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Einstein_stat_1905/.

28

. Jos Uffink, “Insuperable Difficulties: Einstein’s Statistical Road to Molecular Physics,”

Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics

37 (2006): 37, 60.

29

. bulldog.u-net.com/avogadro/avoga.html.

30

. Rigden, 48–52; Bernstein 1996a, 88; Gribbin and Gribbin, 49–54; Pais 1982, 88.

31

. Hoffmann 1972, 55; Seelig 1956b, 72; Pais 1982, 88–89.

32

. Brownian motion introduction, CPAE 2 (German), p. 206; Rigden, 63.

33

. Einstein, “On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in Liquids at Rest Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat,” submitted to the

Annalen der Physik

on May 11, 1905.

34

. Einstein 1949b, 47.

35

. The root mean square average is asymptotic to ff2n/?. Good analyses of the relationship of random walks to