10
. Generosa Pope Jr. to Einstein, Jan. 15, 1953, AEA 41-625; Daniel James to Einstein, Jan. 14, 1953, AEA 41- 614.
11
. Einstein to Daniel James, Jan. 15, 1953, AEA 60-696;
, Jan. 22, 1953.
12
. Einstein, Acceptance of the Lord & Taylor Award, May 4, 1953, AEA 28-979. In a letter to Dick Kluger, then a student editor of
he wrote: “As long as a person has not violated the ‘social contract’ nobody has the right to inquire about his or her convictions. If this principal is not followed free intellectual development is not possible.” Einstein to Dick Kluger, Sept. 17, 1953, in Kluger’s possession.
13
. Einstein to William Frauenglass, May 16, 1953, AEA 41-112; “Refuse to Testify Einstein Advises,”
, June 12, 1953;
, June 22, 1953.
14
. All of these editorials ran on June 13, 1953, except the Chicago editorial, which ran on June 15.
15
. Sam Epkin to Einstein, June 15, 1953, AEA 41-409; Victor Lasky to Einstein, June 1953, AEA 41-441; George Stringfellow to Einstein, June 15, 1953, AEA 41-470.
16
.
, June 14, 1953.
17
. Bertrand Russell to
, June 26, 1953; Einstein to Bertrand Russell, June 28, 1953, AEA 33-195.
18
. Abraham Flexner to Einstein, June 12, 1953, AEA 41-174; Shepherd Baum to Einstein, June 17, 1953, AEA 41 -202.
19
. Richard Frauenglass to Einstein, June 20, 1953, AEA 41-181.
20
. Sarah Shadowitz, “Albert Shadowitz,”
(Toronto), May 26, 2004. The author is the subject’s daughter.
21
. Sayen, 273–276; Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Government Operations, “Testimony of Albert Shadowitz,” Dec. 14, 1953, and “Report on the Proceedings against Albert Shadowitz for Contempt of the Senate,” July 16, 1954; Albert Shadowitz to Einstein, Dec. 14, 1953, AEA 41-659; Einstein to Albert Shadowitz, Dec. 15, 1953, AEA 41-660. Shadowitz was cleared in July 1955, two years after his testimony, after the fall of McCarthy.
22
. Jerome and Taylor, 120–121.
23
. Bird and Sherwin, 133, 495.
24
. Ibid., 495.
