Frontier Regulars—The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891, by Robert M. Utley.
The Frontier Trail, by Colonel Homer W. Wheeler (Ret.).
General George Crook—His Autobiography, edited by Martin F. Schmitt.
“General Philip Sheridan’s Legacy: The Sioux Pony Campaign of 1876,” by Richmond L. Clow. Nebraska History 57 (Winter 1976).
“Getting Into Uniform: Northern Cheyenne Scouts in the United States Army, 1876–81,” by Karen Easton (master’s thesis, University of Wyoming), 1985.
“Historical Address of Brig. Gen’l. W. C. Brown, U.S. Army Retired” (Read at Unveiling of Monument to Lieut. Frank D. Baldwin Near Olanda, Montana; June, 11, 1932), Winners of the West, August 30, 1932.
Indian-Fighting Army, by Fairfax Downey.
Indian Fights and Fighters, by Cyrus Townsend Brady.
“The Indian Situation: Mackenzie’s Fight with the Cheyennes,” Army Navy Journal, December 19, 1876.
Indian Wars, by Robert M. Utley and Wilcomb E. Washburn.
The Indian Wars of the West, by Paul I. Wellman.
“The Journals of James S. McClellan, 1st Sgt., Company H., 3rd Cavalry,” edited by Thomas R. Buecker, Annals of Wyoming 57 (Spring 1985).
The Lance and the Shield—The Life and Times of Sitting Bull, by Robert M. Utley.
Life and Adventures of Frank Grouard, by Joe DeBarthe.
Life and Manners in the Frontier Army, by Oliver Knight.
“Mackenzie Against Dull Knife: Breaking the Northern Cheyennes in 1876,” by Lessing H. Nohl. In Probing the American West: Papers from the Santa Fe Conference, edited by K. Ross Toole, et al.
Mackenzie’s Last Fight with the Cheyennes: A Winter Campaign in Wyoming and Montana, by Captain John G. Bourke.
Man of the Plains—Recollections of Luther North, 1856–1882, edited by Donald F. Danker.
Military Posts in the Powder River Country of Wyoming, 1865–1894, by Robert A. Murray.
Military Posts of Wyoming, by Robert A. Murray.
The Most Promising Young Officer—A Life of Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, by Michael D. Pierce.
Motor Travel Magazine, articles by Lieutenant John G. Bourke, May 1930, July 1930, August 1930.
“Mounted Riflemen: The Real Role of the Cavalry in the Indian Wars,” by James S. Hutchins. In Probing the American West: Papers from the Sante Fe Conference, edited by K. Ross Toole, et al.
Nelson A. Miles—A Documentary Biography of His Military Career, 1861–1903, edited by Brian C. Pohanka.
Nelson A. Miles and The Twilight of the Frontier Army, by Robert Wooster.
On the Border with Crook, by John G. Bourke.
Paper Medicine Man—John Gregory Bourke and His American West, by Joseph C. Porter.
“Pawnee Trails and Trailers,” by Captain Luther H. North, Motor Travel Magazine, March 1929, April 1929, May 1929, June 1929, July 1929, August 1929, September 1929, October 1929, December 1929, January 1930, February 1930, March 1930, June 1930, July 1930, May 1931, June 1931, August 1931.
People of the Sacred Mountain: A History of the Northern Cheyenne Chiefs and Warrior Societies, 1830–1879, by Peter J. Powell.
Personal Diary, by John G. Bourke, on microfilm, in possession of the Denver Public Library, Western History Section.
Personal Recollections of General Nelson A. Miles, by Nelson A. Miles.
The Plainsmen of the Yellowstone—A History of the Yellowstone Basin, by Mark H. Brown.
Sagebrush Soldier, by Sherry L. Smith.
The Shoshonis—Sentinels of the Rockies, by Virginia Cole Trenholm and Maurine Carley.
“Sitting Bull Strikes the Glendive Supply Trains,” Westerners Brand Book, (Chicago) Vol. 28, (June, 1971).
Soldiers West—Biographies from the Military Frontier, edited by Paul Andrew Hutton.
Son of the Morning Star, by Evan S. Connell.
Spotted Tail’s Folk—A History of the Brule Sioux, by George E. Hyde.
Sweet Medicine: The Continuing Role of the Sacred Arrows, the Sun Dance, and the Sacred Buffalo Hat in Northern Cheyenne History, by Peter J. Powell.
Two Great Scouts and Their Pawnee Battalion—The Experiences of Frank J. North and Luther H. North, by George Bird Grinnell.
The View from Officers’ Row—Army Perceptions of Western Indians, by Sherry L. Smith.
Warpath—The True Story of the Fighting Sioux (The Biography of White Bull), by Stanley Vestal.
Warpath and Council Fire—The Plains Indians’ Struggle for Survival in War and in Diplomacy, 1851–1891, by Stanley Vestal.
War-Path and Bivouac—The Big Horn and Yellowstone Expedition, by John F. Finerty.
William Jackson, Indian Scout, by James Willard Schultz.
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers—Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860– 1890, by Thomas W. Dunlay.
Wooden Leg—A Warrior Who Fought Custer, interpreted by Thomas B. Marquis.
Yellowstone Command—Colonel Nelson A. Miles and the Great Sioux War, 1876– 1877, by Jerome A. Greene.
The Dull Knife Battlefield exists today much as it did over a hundred years ago—with the exception of the simple stone marker erected near the village site, the single dirt road that hugs the foot of Mackenzie Mountain, and the fact that in the last century the leafy cottonwoods have taken hold along the stream bottom and down in the bogs once infested with ten-foot-high willow at the time soldiers and warriors clashed here.
Only a year after the fight Harmon Fraker came in to homestead the valley. The mountain that forms the north rim of the site is named Fraker Mountain for that first settler. Then in 1901 a rancher by the name of Charles N. Graves came to Wyoming out of Nebraska, gaining title to the valley five years later. Through the twenties and into the thirties, both he and his son, Frank O. Graves, witnessed numerous visits to the battle site by many of the old soldiers and aging Indians who had taken part in the tragic struggle. Next to take over operations was Norris Graves, and now his son and daughter-in-law, Ken and Cheri, run cattle and sheep in that ruggedly secluded corner of the Big Horns.
This is the famous “Hole in the Wall” country of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
Climbing close to five thousand feet above sea level, you reach the valley by a long, twisting stretch of dirt road that winds through some stunning blood-red mountains dotted with one variety or another of emerald evergreen. As you draw closer, the walls begin to rise dramatically to a height of a thousand feet or more above
