Challenge for the Pacific

Institute Proceedings, December 1957), p. 1264.

4. Ibid, p. 1266.

5. Newcomb, Richard, Savo: The Incredible Naval Debacle off Guadalcanal (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961), p. 53.

6. Ibid, p. 53.

7. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 46.

8. Author’s recollection.

9. Butterfield, op. cit., pp. 64, 65.

10. Griffith, Brig. Gen. Samuel B., II, The Battle for Guadalcanal (Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott, 1963), p. 35.

11. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 120.

12. Ibid, p. 120.

13. Ibid.

14. Griffith, op. cit., p. 35.

15. Author’s recollection.

CHAPTER FIVE

1. Shigemitsu, Premier Mamoru, Japan and Her Destiny (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950), p. 271.

2. Intelligence Summary No. 22, Headquarters, U.S. Army Air Force, Southwest Pacific Area; History of 28th Bombardment Squadron (19th Bombardment Group), 8 Dec. 1941–1 Feb. 1943, p. 16.

3. Clemens, op. cit., p. 124.

4. Author’s recollection.

5. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 19.

6. Leckie, Robert, Strong Men Armed (New York: Random House, 1962), p. 18.

7. Clemens, op. cit., p. 125.

8. Japanese Eighth Fleet War Diary, Office of Naval Records and Library (ONRL), Document No. 161259, p. 6; Newcomb, op. cit., p. 23.

PART TWO: ALONE

CHAPTER SIX

1. Griffith, op. cit., p. 46. (General Griffith, then a lieutenant colonel, was Edson’s executive officer.)

2. Newcomb, op. cit., p. 23.

3. Sakai et al., op. cit., p. 146.

4. Ibid, p. 147.

5. Griffith, op. cit., p. 44.

6. Hara, op. cit., p. 104.

7. Ibid, p. 104.

8. Tregaskis, Richard, Guadalcanal Diary (New York: Popular Library, 1959), p. 77.

9. Leckie, op. cit., p. 23.

10. Sakai et al., op. cit., p. 156.

11. Griffith, op. cit., p. 47.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1. Author’s recollection.

2. Griffith, op. cit., p. 42.

3. Ohmae, op. cit., p. 1272.

4. Newcomb, op. cit., p. 92.

5. Ohmae, op. cit., p. 1273. (Note: All subsequent Japanese battle orders quoted at Savo are from the same source.)

6. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 130.

7. Ibid.

CHAPTER EIGHT

1. Roscoe, Theodore, United States Destroyer Operations in World War II (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1953), p. 153.

2. All these and similar quotations are from monitored Japanese broadcasts on file in the National Archives, Washington, D.C.

3. Letter, Commanding General, South Pacific, to Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, August 11, 1942. OPD 381, PTO1. World War II Archives, Alexandria, Va.

4. Letter, Commanding General, South Pacific, to Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, August 11, 1942. OPD 381, PTO1. World War II Archives, Alexandria, Va.

5. The Americans had a biblical precedent for this ruse. In a dispute with the men of Ephraim, the Israelite leader Jephte set guards at the fords of the Jordan with orders to ask each passerby if he were an Ephraimite. Each man who said “No” was asked to pronounce “shibboleth,” the word for an ear of corn or a flood or stream. Inasmuch as the Ephraimites could not make the sound “sh” they always answered “sibboleth,” thus betraying their identity. That is how the word shibboleth came first to mean a password, then a party slogan, and, finally, the sham or hackneyed rallying cry of some fashionable or partisan cause.

6. Leckie, op. cit., p. 38.

7. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 108.

8. Tsuji, Masanobu, Singapore: The Japanese Version (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1960), p. 330.

9. Ibid.

10. Sherwood, Robert E., Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950), p. 622.