the stones. Then it stopped. The back gate slammed down and we piled out, ducking low out of habit. No shots came our way. It was more like one of our maneuvers than any battle we’d been through. We formed a line and began advancing across the beach. We heard occasional fire far to the left or right. But we were on our feet, moving calmly. There were plenty of shell holes to dive into if we had needed them. But we didn’t. We’d walked ashore like we were strolling down the driveway to pick up the mail.
There was some action elsewhere along the lines. In the afternoon a sniper shot Colonel John Gustafson in the arm just as he stepped off an amtrac. He turned around and calmly walked back aboard and was taken out to the ship for treatment.
Marines still argue: Which was worse, Peleliu or Okinawa? I vote Peleliu, but others who went through both will tell you that Okinawa was worse, an opinion they base on the amount of artillery the Japs threw at us. After the first two or three days on Peleliu, we didn’t get much of that—we’d knocked out most of their heavy guns. But on Okinawa, once it started, it just kept coming at us right up to the last days.
The Japs had learned from Peleliu. When we finally cornered them on Okinawa, once again they were holed up in caves and tunnels. We had to pry them out one by one, as we had on Peleliu. Lieutenant General Buckner called it a “blowtorch and corkscrew campaign.” They were fighting on home ground. Okinawa is in the center of the seven-hundred-mile chain of islands stretching from Formosa to Kyushu, the Ryukyus. The Japs considered the whole chain part of their home islands, just like we might think of the Florida Keys. On Okinawa we faced everything we had faced on other islands all over again. Rain, mud, malaria, flies, bodies crawling with maggots. And we were tired. Before it was over, the fight for Okinawa would seem to stretch out to forever, with no end in sight.
But the first days gave us no hint of what was to come.
The area behind the beach was jammed with amtracs and DUKWs bringing in supplies, and we moved off quickly. The island was about six miles wide where we came in, and the plan was for us to cut it in half. The First and Sixth Marine divisions were to capture Yontan, the larger of two airfields. Then the Sixth Marines would turn north and sweep up the island to the tip. We would head directly across to the eastern shore. The Army meanwhile would capture the smaller Kadena airfield and turn south. All this was supposed to take a couple weeks. But by the time we were off the beach, troops had already moved up to the edge of both airfields.
The mouth of the Bishi Gawa River, where our mortar platoon landed, was choked with the wreckage of small boats. Some of them were the plywood suicide motorboats that had been caught by our planes before they could get out to our fleet. We advanced in a column past fields that had recently been harvested and were ready for the plow. The Okinawans grow rice and beans, yams and patches of sugarcane. It appeared they just let their livestock run free, because we kept encountering goats, pigs and chickens. We had some fine barbecues in prospect. The small farmhouses had thatched roofs, and looked tidy and well kept behind low stone walls. Yards were shaded by pine trees. But the buildings themselves were deserted. We found out later the Japs had been telling the natives tales of what terrible things the Americans, especially the Marines, would do to them.
As we walked by, I checked out their horses. They were smaller and shaggier than the ones I was used to back home, more like a Shetland than a true horse. They turned out to be gentle little horses, good work animals. And while I don’t remember anybody trying to ride one, our mortar squad adopted one and soon had him carrying our ammo.
By afternoon we got to higher ground and began to catch occasional fire. Usually it was just a couple Japs on a Nambu light machine gun or a mortar, or a sniper. We’d knock them off as we came on them, and then run into another one a little farther along. But it seemed half-hearted, nothing like we’d faced in the jungles of New Britain. About four o’clock we halted to dig in for the night. The ground was soft, perfect for foxholes and setting up the mortars. I sent a couple of the men to check out a nearby farmhouse and they came back to report it clear.
Tex Cummings and I had just started to dig a foxhole when we heard the distant buzz of airplanes. We looked up and spotted two of them, just specks, but low and coming from the bay.
As we watched, the specks grew larger. They were going to fly close by.
“Well, here come two of ours,” Tex said. “They’re looking out for us.”
I spotted the red circles on the sides of the planes. Meatballs we called them. You learned to recognize them instantly, a warning like the red hourglass on a spider.
“Better take another damn look, son,” I said. “Those are Jap planes. They’re probably spotting us.”
They passed thirty or forty yards off, almost at eye level, and as they passed the pilots turned and looked right at us. It was one of those moments when time seems to stop, and I could clearly see every detail—their jackets, leather helmets, goggles up on their foreheads, white scarves. Then they roared on without swerving or changing course.
We stood waiting until they were gone. “Probably looking for bigger stuff,” I said.
Neither of us had bothered to reach for our M1. We’d have to have been very, very lucky to hit one.
From where we dug in, we had a distant view of the invasion ships riding at anchor out in the bay. A little after our encounter with the two Zeros, another Jap plane passed high overhead, flying west toward the beach. Antiaircraft guns started banging away. We watched him calmly circle, like a hawk or a buzzard. As I stood there, I heard myself saying, “Somebody hit that son of a bitch! Somebody hit that son of a bitch.”
Then he pointed his nose down and went into a steep dive, smacking one of our transports midship. Flame and smoke boiled up and the ship burned late into the evening. It was the first successful kamikaze attack I’d witnessed.
After sunset, the temperature slipped into the sixties and we pulled on our wool-lined jackets. We broke out the little bottles of brandy that were supposed to keep us warm. A breeze had carried off the haze and one by one the early stars came out. We settled in, sharing foxholes, one sleeping while the other stood watch.
Pretty soon somebody started scratching. Then somebody else joined in. Then we were all scratching. We had bedded down in a nest of fleas, and they were having a feast at our expense. All night they kept after us, and you’d hear men flopping around, scratching and cursing. Still, I thought fleas were a better deal than Japs. First day of the invasion and none of us hurt or wounded. No artillery or mortar shells rained down on our heads. No banzai attacks. We kept asking ourselves, where were the Japs? Gradually, those whose turn it was to sleep drifted off into an uneasy rest.
Late at night the rattle of a tommy gun jerked us awake. Everybody popped up, alert. We shouted back and forth, “Everybody all right? What happened? Who’s firing?”
Gene Sledge whispered that he was sure he’d spotted a Jap crouching over by a row of trees. Just to make sure he’d fired off a burst from the submachine gun. He didn’t know if he’d hit anything.
Now, we were all on edge, waiting in silence and squinting into the darkness, trying to see whatever Sledge had seen. We strained, listening for groans, half expecting any minute to hear cries of
At first light Sledge and a couple others walked over to the row of trees to see what, if anything, he’d hit. His Jap infiltrator turned out to be a small haystack that, seen from a certain angle in the darkness, just might have looked like a crouching man, at least to a nervous Marine.
We gave Sledgehammer hell all the rest of that day.
The First and Sixth divisions reached the east coast by afternoon on the third day, almost ten days ahead of schedule. We looked out across an area of marshes and freshwater ponds to Chimu Wan Bay and the East China Sea. Behind us, both airfields had been secured and the Seabees were starting to patch up the runways. Within a few more days squadrons of Marine Corsairs would settle in at both fields. Word was passed along that losses since the April 1 landing had been minimal—of the sixty thousand troops who came ashore, twenty-eight were killed, 104 wounded and twenty-seven missing.
The next morning it started to rain, and it would rain off and on for days after that, turning the roads to mud and slowing the flow of supplies. The Sixth Division turned north and the First Division got the order to move inland and probe the country to the southwest. K Company would spend the next week or so on patrol, looking for the enemy. While we didn’t turn up a living Jap anywhere, to our north a patrol sent out by the Third Battalion of the Seventh Marines—also K Company, incidentally—ran into an ambush near a place called Hizoanna. Three of their
