investigations in which the victim was a celebrity, wealthy, or politically connected. Pierre understood that these cases sometimes called for discretion, or off-the-book methods in which the supervising magistrates agreed to look the other way.
Pierre and I had been talking shop over the phone since September, and I liked him. We’d built a tight working relationship, one I felt would be crucial to our success. I could immediately tell he was a good supervisor —someone who encouraged his people to get things done, without micromanaging or throwing up bureaucratic barriers. He understood that art crime cases could not be handled like other undercover cases, and we agreed that the goal here was to rescue the Boston paintings, not necessarily to arrest anyone in France. Besides, he explained to me, the maximum penalty in France for property theft of any kind was a mere three years in prison.
When I had arrived at Charles de Gaulle Airport from Philadelphia the previous day, Pierre had picked me up, a gesture both courteous and shrewd. He intercepted me before I could speak with anyone else, including my FBI colleagues at the U.S embassy, and on the ride into the city we talked over the case. Based on my undercover work in the United States and Pierre’s phone tap and surveillance successes in France, we had agreed that Sunny and Laurenz would probably arrange for the sale of the Gardner paintings somewhere in France.
Pierre had cautioned that he would not be able to control every facet of operations in France. In a case with the potential for such huge headlines, he said, many supervisors from many agencies will want to play a role, claim credit, stand at the podium at the press conference, get their picture taken. “Everyone will want a piece of the cake,” Pierre liked to say. Pierre warned me that the SIAT undercover chief would probably now demand a major role. Because the undercover laws in France were so new, the SIAT chief often acted cautiously, and this sometimes placed him at odds with Pierre’s more adventurous art crime team. I warned Pierre about the FBI’s pecking order and protocols, and we agreed that turf wars and intra-agency rivalries on both sides of the Atlantic were going to complicate things.
Sure enough, at the French-American meeting that afternoon, the SIAT chief followed Fred’s speech with one of his own: He unilaterally announced that he planned to insert a French undercover officer into the deal. I explained that Sunny would probably resist adding a fourth person to the deal. I even sketched out the triangle on a piece of paper and spelled out what Sunny had said: “It can only be the three of us.” The French SIAT chief replied that this was impossible. “There is a warrant for Laurenz in France,” he said, “and so he cannot come to France.” The SIAT chief added that he doubted I would be allowed to work undercover in France. The new French undercover law, he explained, was tricky.
“Sure, I understand,” I said, careful not to become engaged in an argument in front of such a large group. If what the SIAT chief said was true, it would mean that two thirds of our triangle—Laurenz and me—were barred from doing a deal in France. That sounded ominous.
The most encouraging news from the briefing came from the two supervisors running Pierre’s wiretap and surveillance groups. One said she was “ninety-nine percent sure” that the gang Sunny was speaking with held the Gardner paintings.
Pierre added, “On the phone calls, they talk in code to a person in Spain. But it’s easy to understand. They speak of getting apartments for someone named Bob. One they say is located on Vermeer Street. The other they say is on Rembrandt Street.”
“Do you know who Sunny is talking to?” someone asked.
“Yes,” the French surveillance supervisor said. “They are Corsicans, a group known to us.”[2] The French territory in the Mediterranean was infested with organized crime, and the national police officers were as unwelcome on Corsica as FBI agents are in Puerto Rico.
After the meeting broke up, Fred sauntered up to Pierre. I overheard the Boston supervisor again mention something about a gun and Pierre say, “I’m sorry, but…” I walked over to Pierre, pulling him aside to apologize.
“No problem,” Pierre said, and he lowered his voice. “I have my problems also. What my SIAT chief said about you not being able to work in France? Not true. But he is a boss and I cannot make him look bad in front of the Americans.”
I shook my head. Too many chefs. Too many FBI offices. Too many French law enforcement agencies. Too many competing interests. It didn’t bode well for such a complex undercover operation, one that would require speed, flexibility, creativity, and risk.
Pierre seemed to sense what I was thinking and said, “Like I say, in this case, we’re going to have a lot of managers; everyone wants a piece of the cake.”
WHEN WE RETURNED to the United States, the case agent in Boston, Geoff Kelly, put together the necessary paperwork for a major undercover investigation, a seven-page form called an FD-997. He set the value of the Gardner art at $500 million, summarized the FBI’s extensive efforts to recover it since 1990, and laid out the undercover plan for a sting in France.
Geoff also gave the case a name, Operation Masterpiece.
A FEW WEEKS after the Paris meeting, Laurenz called to tell me we’d be buying the paintings in Spain instead of France.
For me, the change of venue was fortuitous. I’d made plenty of friends in the Spanish police during the Madrid case—their cooperation would be virtually assured. The medal the Spanish government gave me hung in my den. The richest woman in Spain owed me a favor.
“Fine, no problem,” I told Laurenz. “I love Spain.”
“Sunny wants to know if you want the ‘big one’ or the ‘little one’ first.” I didn’t know if he meant the diminutive Vermeer, which was worth much more, or the gigantic Rembrandt, which was worth less.
“I want them both, so it doesn’t matter,” I said. “What are we talking about? Madrid? Barcelona? Couple of weeks?”
Laurenz said, “I let you know.”
I called Eric Ives in Washington and gave him the good news. We put together a plan to travel to Madrid in ten days’ time. On the eve of the trip, Eric arranged a conference call between all the FBI offices involved— Washington, Paris, Boston, Miami, Madrid, and Philadelphia. The call did not go well.
Fred began by announcing that the trip to Madrid was canceled, catching everyone except the FBI agents in Paris by surprise. This particularly embarrassed our agent in Madrid, because he’d already spent a lot of time with the Spanish police securing SWAT, surveillance, intelligence, and undercover support. The Boston supervisor cited unnamed “security issues” in Spain, suggesting that the police there were not trustworthy.
What’s more, Fred made it clear he was furious that I’d been making arrangements without clearing every detail with him. “There are communication issues here,” he said. “We’ve got to be careful not to leave people out of the loop.” Fred chastised me for directly contacting the FBI agent in Madrid. I reminded Fred that Eric had already obtained Headquarters’ approval for me to make the appropriate contacts in Spain—and that I knew our man in Madrid from the Koplowitz case. Fred didn’t care. “Not your job, Wittman. I’m in charge.”
I backed off for now. I didn’t care if these guys barked at me. Whatever it took to move forward.
But I knew we’d never recover the Gardner paintings if we operated by committee.
After the conference call, I needed some air. I began wandering around the office, and landed at the desk of my friend Special Agent Jerri Williams, a twenty-four-year veteran and the FBI’s spokesperson in Philadelphia. She’d replaced Linda Vizi, who’d retired.
“You don’t look too good,” Jerri said.
I told Jerri about the conference call.
She frowned. “It sounds like the kind of turf-war crap we get whenever we deal with other agencies, not inside the Bureau.” She was right. The major federal law-enforcement agencies—especially the FBI, DEA, IRS, ATF, and Immigration Customs Enforcement—almost always wrestled for control of joint investigations; the public would be surprised to learn how often different law enforcement agencies hid things from one other, or tried to squeeze each other out. Jerri said, “Not getting much help from headquarters?”
“I’m trying, but…”
“Yeah, well, you know Boston isn’t going to give up a case like this.”
My concern only grew in the weeks that followed, as I found myself spending a great deal of time juggling calls between Eric in Washington, Fred and Geoff Kelly in Boston, and the agents stationed at U.S. embassies in
