by proactively gathering information and intelligence.

Will we ever reach a stage where spies aren’t needed? As MI5 Director-General Jonathan Evans said in a speech in the City of London on 25 June 2012:

Those of us who are paid to think about the future from a security perspective tend to conclude that future threats are getting more complex, unpredictable and alarming. After a long career in the Security Service, I have concluded that this is rarely in fact the case. The truth is that the future always looks unpredictable and complex because it hasn’t happened yet. We don’t feel the force of the uncertainties felt by our predecessors. And the process of natural selection has left us, as a species, with a highly developed capacity to identify threats but a less developed one to see opportunity. This helps explain the old saying that when intelligence folk smell roses they look for the funeral.

Spies have been around for as long as there have been opposing groups of mankind. Sun Tzu was counselling, ‘Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business,’ in The Art of War 2,500 years ago. The threats may change but the need for information about them will never go away. And while that remains the situation, spies will continue to thrive.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks to everyone who has assisted with the preparation of this book, including a couple of sources who need to remain anonymous, and especially to:

Brian J. Robb for many things, especially the introductions and the wise words on the text. It’s my turn to buy the DVDs!

Duncan Proudfoot and Clive Hebard, my editors at Constable & Robinson, for their help in shaping this manuscript and for their patience when real life intervened; and my copy-editor Gabriella Nemeth, for helping me avoid some pitfalls of my own making.

Robert J. Sawyer for the recommendation of the Writers Blocks software which was a great help in plotting out the best way to frame the narrative.

Michael, our Cold War tour guide in Berlin at Easter 2012, for some very interesting insights and tales of the CIA in its early days.

Lee Harris, Amanda Rutter, Lizzie Bennett, Scott Pearson, Jenny Miller, Caitlin Fultz, Patricia Hyde and Adina Mihaela Roman for coming to the rescue when things were looking difficult.

As always, the staff at the Hassocks branch of the West Sussex public library, who provide a ready reminder why the library service needs to be maintained.

My partner Barbara and my daughter Sophie for their love and support; and our terriers, Rani and Rodo, who have finally realized that when I’m sitting at my desk, it doesn’t mean that I’m doing nothing and therefore it’s time to start playing with them!

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin: The Sword and the Shield (Paperback edition: Perseus Books, 2001)

Andrew, Christopher: The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (Updated edition, Penguin, 2011)

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Bischof, Gunter; Stefan Karner and Peter Ruggenthaler: The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 (Lexington, 2011)

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Soufan, Ali H. with Daniel Freedman: The Black Banners: Inside the Hunt for Al-Qaeda (W.W. Norton & Co., 2011)

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Thomas, Gordon: Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad 5th Edition (St Martin’s Press, 2009)

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Wallace, Robert and H. Keith Melton with Henry Robert Schlesinger: Spycraft (Dutton, 2008)

Wise, David: Nightmover (HarperCollins, 1996)

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