knew about him at the time of our encounter in the affair of ‘The Empty House.’ I did not mean to imply that he was without faults when I said Moran was no coward and a type of patriot. He had a criminal mind. He was a rather impecunious young man, given to gambling, womanizing, petty crime, and the good life.
“He bought himself a commission in the India Army and served in the First Bengalore Pioneers. He fought in several campaigns and was mentioned in dispatches. He spent most of his army career in India, and I understand that he had quite a reputation as a big-game hunter. I recall that there was a Bengal tiger mounted in the hall of the Kildare Street Club, before he was expelled from it, which he killed. The story was that he crawled down a drain after it when he had wounded it. That takes iron nerve.”
I shook my head in bewilderment. “You call him a patriot? Do you mean he was working for the Irish Republicans?”
Holmes smiled. “He was a patriot. I said that Moran had criminal tendencies but was no coward. Unfortunately the talents of such people are often used by the State to further its own ends. You have observed that Moran admits that Inspector Gallagher kept him informed of our every move in the case. Unfortunately Gallagher was killed in the course of duty not long after these events, so we are not able to get confirmation from him. I think we may believe Moran, though. So why was Moran kept informed? Colonel Moran was working for the Secret Service.”
I was aghast. “You don’t mean to say that he worked for our own Secret Service? Good Lord, Holmes, this is amazing. Do you mean that our own Secret Service ordered the cardinal to be killed? That’s preposterous. Immoral. Our government would not stand for it.”
“If, indeed, the government knew anything about it. Unfortunately, when you have a Secret Service, then it becomes answerable to no one. I believe that even behind the Secret Service there was another organization with which Moran became involved.”
“I don’t follow, Holmes.”
“I believe that Moran and those who ordered him to do this thing were members of some extreme Orange faction.”
“Orange faction? I don’t understand.” I threw up my hands in mystification.
“The Orange Order was formed in 1796 to maintain the position of the Anglican Ascendancy in Ireland and prevent the union of the Dublin colonial parliament with the parliament of Great Britain. However, the Union took place in 1801, and the Orange Order then lost support. Its patrons, including royal dukes and titled landowners, quickly accepted the new status quo, being either paid off with new titles or financial bribes. The remaining aristocratic support was withdrawn when the Order was involved in a conspiracy to prevent Victoria inheriting the throne and attempting to place its Imperial Grand Master, His Royal Highness, the Duke of Cumberland, on the throne instead. The failure of the coup, Catholic Emancipation 1829, the removal of many of the restrictions placed on members of that religion, as well as the Reform Acts, extending more civil rights to people, all but caused the Orange Order to disappear.
“Those struggling to keep the sectarian movement alive realized it needed to be a more broad-based movement, and it opened its membership to all Dissenting Protestants, so that soon its ranks were flooded by Ulster Presbyterians who had previously been excluded from it. Threatened by the idea that in a self-governing Ireland the majority would be Catholic, these Dissenters became more bigoted and extreme.
“The attempt to destroy the Irish Party seeking Home Rule, which is now supported by the Liberals, was addressed by diehard Unionists in the Tory Party like Lord Randolph Churchill, who advised the party to ‘play the Orange Card.’ The support of Churchill and the Tories made the Orange Order respectable again, and Ascendancy aristocrats and leading Tories, who had previously disassociated themselves from the Order, now felt able to rejoin it. The Earl of Enniskillen was installed as Grand Master of the Order two years before these events and, with the aid of the Tories, continued to dedicate the Order to the Union and Protestant supremacy.”
“But why would they plan this elaborate charade?” I asked.
“Remember what had happened in that November of 1890? The rift in the Irish Party was healing, and Parnell had been re-elected its leader. Once more they were going to present a united front in Parliament, and Lord Salisbury was faced with going to the country soon. Something needed to be done to discredit the moderates within Salisbury’s Cabinet to bring them back ‘on side’ with the Unionists against any plans to give Ireland Home Rule to help them remain in power.”
“But to kill a cardinal-”
“-having enticed him from Paris to this country thinking he was going to meet with members of the Irish Nationalists,” interposed Holmes.
“-to deliberately kill a cardinal to cause such alarms and… why, Holmes, it is diabolical.”
“Unfortunately, my dear Watson, this becomes the nature of governments who maintain secret organizations that are not accountable to anyone. I was tried and found wanting, Watson. This case was my biggest single failure.”
“Oh come, Holmes, you could not have known….”
Holmes gave me a pitying look.
“You must take Morans gibes and insults from whence they came. You could do no more,” I assured him.
He looked at me with steely eyes. “Oh yes, I could. I told you about how important it is to pay attention to detail. From the start I committed the most inexcusable inattention to detail. Had I been more vigilant, I could have laid this crime at the right door. It is there in Morans text, a fact made known to me right from the start and which I ignored.”
I pondered over the text but could find no enlightenment.
“The visitors cards, Watson. The mistake over the visitor’s cards presented by the mysterious caller to the cardinal.”
“Mistake? Oh, you mean the name being T W Tone, the name of someone long dead? I didn’t realize that it was a false name.”
“The name was merely to confirm the notion that we were supposed to be dealing with Irish Republicans. No, it was not that. It was the harp device, which was also meant to lead us into thinking that it was presented by an Irish nationalist, being the Irish national symbol. The fact was that the harp was surmounted by a crown-that is the symbol of our colonial administration in Ireland. No nationalist could bear the sight of a crown above the harp. I should have realized it.”
Holmes sat shaking his head for a while, and then he continued:
“Place the case of Cardinal Tosca in your trunk, Watson. I don’t want to hear about it ever again.”
Even then I hesitated.
“Granted that Moran worked for some superior-have you, in retrospect, come to any conclusion as to who Moran’s superior was? Who was the man who gave him the order and to whom he was writing his letter?”
Holmes was very serious as he glanced back at me. “Yes, I know who he was. He died in the same year that Moran was arrested for the murder of Lord Maynooth’s son. You recall that Moran died in police custody after his arrest? It was supposed to be a suicide. I realized that should have been questioned. But then I heard of the death of…” He paused and sighed. “Morans superior was a brilliant politician but a ruthless one. He, more than most, reawakened the Orange hatreds against the Catholic Irish in order to maintain the Union.”
“He was a member of the government?” I cried, aghast.
“He had been until just prior to this event, but he was still influential.”
“And this code name ‘Wolf Shield’? You were able to tell who it was by that?”
“That part was simple. The name, sounding so Anglo-Saxon, I simply translated ‘Wolf Shield’ back into Anglo-Saxon, and the man’s name became immediately recognizable. But let him now rest where his prejudices cannot lacerate his judgment any more.”
In deference to my old friend’s wishes, I have kept these papers safely, appending this brief note of how they fell into my hands. It was Holmes, with his biting sense of humor, who suggested I file it as “A Study in Orange,” being his way of gentle rebuke for what he deemed as my melodramatic title of the first case of his with which I was involved. With this note, I have placed Moran’s manuscript into my traveling box, which is now deposited in my bank at Charing Cross. I have agreed with Holmes’s instructions that my executors should not open it until at least fifty years have passed from the dates of our demise.
The one thing that I have not placed here is the name of Moran’s superior, but that anyone with knowledge
