1987), p. 375; Saint-Just and de Stael cited in Richter, Despotism, p. 14; Hegel, p. 190.
(49) Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 3–59; Michael Taussig, The Nervous System (New-York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 1, 6, 16, 20, 26, 33; Tina Rosenberg, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America (New York: Penguin, 1991); Amy Wilentz, The Rainy Season (NewYork: Simon and Schuster), 1989.
(50) Cf. Jean Bethke Elshtain, Democracy on Trial (New York: Basic, 1995), pp. 38–39. 42–43, 45–52; John Gray, Post-Liberalism: Studies in Political Thought (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 158; Charles Taylor, Invoking Civil Society, в изд.: Philosophical Arguments (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), pp. 204-5, 214– 222; Charles Taylor, Liberal Politics and the Public Sphere, в изд.: New Communitarian Thinking: Persons, Virtues, Institutions, and Communities / ed. Amitai Etzioni (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), pp. 185, 211; Civil Society and the State: New European Perspectives / ed. John Keane (London: Verso, 1988); Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and its Revival (New York: Penguin, 1994); Freedom of Association / ed. Amy Guttman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998); The Essential Civil Society Reader: The Classic Essays / ed. Don E. Eberly (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefi eld, 2000).
(51) James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987), No. 47, p. 303; Daniel T. Rodgers, Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence (New York: Basic, 1987), p. 57; Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 121; Jack N. Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution (New York: Vintage, 1996).
(52) Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 54.
3. Тревога*
(1) Этими начальными пунктами мы обязаны кн.: Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel / trans. Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (Boston: Beacon Press, 1962), pp. 23–25; George Steiner, In Bluebeard’s Castle: Some Notes Towards the Redefinition of Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), pp. 11–13; Francois Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution / trans. Elborg Forster (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 23–25, 43–46.
(2) Steiner, p. 12.
(3) Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man, in The Thomas Paine Reader / ed. Michael Foot and Isaac Kramnick (New York: Penguin, 1987), p. 259; William Wordsworth, The Prelude, in The Poetical Works of Wordsworth (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1982), 9.166-67, p. 189.
(4) The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville / trans. Alexander Teixeira de Mattos (New York: Columbia University Press, 1949), p. 40.
(5) Cf. Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989); Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
(6) Tocqueville and Michelet цит. в: Roger Boesche, The Strange Liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987), pp. 59, 65.
(7) J. S. Mill, On Liberty / ed. Stefan Collini (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 62.
(8) Цит. в.: Jean-Claude Lamberti, Tocqueville and the Two Democracies / trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), p. 229.
(9) Цит. в.: Lamberti, p. 220. Мое исследование отличий первого тома от второго относится к одному из полюсов в затяжном споре о том, является ли «О демократии в Америке» двумя разными книгами с одним названием или единым целым. Для сторонников тезиса о «двух демократиях», с которым согласен и я, см.: Seymour Drescher, Tocqueville’s Two Democraties // Journal of the History of Ideas 25 (April / June 1964): 201-16; Arthur Schlesinger, Individualism and Apathy in Tocqueville’s Democracy, в изд.: Reconsidering Tocqueville’s Democracy in America / ed. Abraham S. Eisenstadt. См.: New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988), p. 101; Richard Sennett, What Tocqueville Feared, в изд.: On the Making of Americans: Essays in Honor of David Riesman / ed. Herbert J. Gans et al. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1979), pp. 105-6, André Jardin, Tocqueville: A Biography / trans. Lydia Davis with Robert Hemenway (New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1988), p. 251. О более тонкой, но умеренной поддержке рассуждений Дрешера см.: Larry Siedentop, Tocqueville (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 69–70; Lamberti, pp. 141-43, 228-29, 236–39. Джеймс Шляйфер в основном выступает против тезиса Дрешера, но даже он указывает на действительные противоречия между первым и вторым томом. См.: Schleifer, The Making of Tocqueville’s Democracy in America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980), pp. 154- 55, 176, 207, 285.
(10) Блестящую дискуссию о взаимоотношении Токвиля с «новым либерализмом» в: George Armstrong Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville, and French Liberalism (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Larry Siedentop, Two Liberal Traditions, в изд.: The Idea of Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin / ed. Alan Ryan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 153-74; and Siedentop, Tocqueville.
(11) Guizot цит. в: E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution 1789–1848 (New York: New American Library, 1962), p. 148; Tocqueville, Selected Letters on Politics and Society / ed. Roger Boesche; trans. James Toupin and Roger Boesche (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 127, 153, 284.
(12) Интересная дискуссия по поводу взаимосвязи политических поражений Токвиля и его растущего фатализма в кн.: Francois Furet, The Conceptual System of Democracy in America, в изд.: In the Workshop of History / trans. Jonathan Mandelbaum (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp. 169, 171. См. также: Lamberti, pp. 123, 126-30; Schleifer, p. 29.
(13) Letters, p. 294.
(14) Lamberti, p. 220.
(15) Jardin, pp. 1–9, 37–91.
(16) Daniel Rodgers, Of Prophets and Prophecy, в Eisenstadt, pp. 198- 99, 205.
(17) Democracy, p. 255.
(18) Democracy, pp. 72, 373, 494. См. также: Democracy, p. 56; Schleifer, pp. 197, 201.
(19) Hobbes, Leviathan / ed. Richard Tuck (New York: Cambridge University Press. 1989), ch. 16, p. 114.
(20) Democracy, pp. 119-20, 246-47.
(21) The Federalist Papers / ed. Isaac Kramnick (New York: Penguin, 1987), no. 22, p. 184.
(22) Democracy, pp. 155, 171, 173; Schleifer, pp. 145, 197.
(23) Democracy, pp. 255-56.
(24) Democracy, p. 256.
(25) См.: Rodgers, Of Prophets and Prophecy, p. 199; Furet, The Conceptual System of ‘Democracy in America’, p. 185.
