The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

Autopsy on People’s War

Japan’s Public Policy Companies

MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975

The Industrial Policy Debate (editor and contributor)

Politics and Productivity: How Japan’s Development Strategy Works

(with Laura Tyson and John Zysman)

Japan: Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State

Okinawa: Cold War Island (editor and contributor)

Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire

THE

SORROWS OF EMPIRE

Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

CHALMERS JOHNSON

Owl Books

Henry Holt and Company, LLC

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New York, New York 10010

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Copyright © 2004 by Chalmers Johnson

All rights reserved.

Distributed in Canada by H. B. Fenn and Company Ltd.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Johnson, Chalmers A.

The sorrows of empire : militarism, secrecy, and the end of the Republic / Chalmers Johnson—1st ed.

       p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-8050-7797-1

ISBN-10: 0-8050-7797-9

  1. Militarism—United States. 2. Military-industrial complex—United States. 3. United States—Military policy. 4. United States—Foreign relations—2001- 5. United States—Politics and government—2001- 6. Civil-military relations—United States. 7. Imperialism. 8. Intervention (International law) 9. Official secrets—United States. I. Title.

 UA23.J5697 2004

2003056214

 355.02’ 13’0973—dc22

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First published in hardcover in 2004 by Metropolitan Books

First Owl Books Edition 2005

Designed by Fritz Metsch

Maps and graph by James Sinclair

Printed in the United States of America

7     9     10     8     6

CONTENTS

Prologue: The Unveiling of the American Empire

1. Imperialisms, Old and New

2. The Roots of American Militarism

3. Toward the New Rome

4. The Institutions of American Militarism

5. Surrogate Soldiers and Private Mercenaries

6. The Empire of Bases

7. The Spoils of War

8. Iraq Wars

9. Whatever Happened to Globalization?