13. Joseph E. Stiglitz, “A Fair Deal for the World,” New York Review of Books, May 23, 2002, p. 24. Also see Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002).
14. De Rivero, Myth of Development, pp. 3, 9, 24.
15. Quoted in Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (London: Anthem Press, 2002). Chang is a professor of economics at Cambridge University.
16. On how Japan became the world’s second most productive economy, see Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982); Linda Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998); and Meredith Woo-Cumings, ed., The Developmental State (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
17. De Rivero, Myth of Development, p. 109; Ted C. Fishman, “Making a Killing: The Myth of Capital’s Good Intentions,” Harper’s, August 2002, p. 34.
18. Thomas Ferguson, “Blowing Smoke: Impeachment, the Clinton Presidency, and the Political Economy,” in William J. Crotty, ed., The State of Democracy in America (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2001), p. 233. On the workings of the IMF and the World Bank, see William Finnegan, “The Economics of Empire: Notes on the Washington Consensus,” Harper’s, May 2003, pp. 41–54.
19. Nicholas Guyatt, Another American Century? The United States and the World after 2000 (London: Zed Books, 2000), p. 8.
20. Bello, Future in the Balance, p. 49.
21. John Madeley, Hungry for Trade: How the Poor Pay for Free Trade (London: Zed Books, 2000), p. 58; Guyatt, Another American Century?, pp. 12, 37.
22. Lawrence Summers, “The Memo,” <http://www.whirledbank.org/ourwords/summers.html>. Also see Jonathan R. Pincus and Jeffrey A. Winters, eds., Reinventing the World Bank (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), pp. 13–14.
23. Jeffrey E. Garten, “The Root of the Problem,” Newsweek, March 31, 1997. Quoted by Guyatt, Another American Century?, p. 185. Also see Garten, “Business and Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs 76:5 (1997), pp. 67–79.
24. Bello, Future in the Balance, p. 52.
25. Ibid., p. 51.
26. Ibid., p. xiv.
27. Ibid., pp. 45,69; Steve Schifferes, “Doha Trade Deal Unraveling,” BBC News, November 10, 2002.
28. Stiglitz, “Fair Deal for the World,” p. 28.
29. See “WTO Pact on Generic Drugs Blocked by U.S.,” Financial Times, December 21–22, 2002; and Nicola Bullard, “Is the WTO Collapsing under Its Own Ambitions?” Focus on Trade, no. 82 (December 2002). For the WTO agreement weakening patent protection on drugs, see World Trade Organization, Doha, Qatar, WTO Ministerial, 2001, “Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health,” November 14, 2001.
30. Andrew Pollack, “Widely Used Crop Herbicide Is Losing Weed Resistance,” New York Times, January 14, 2003.
31. Madeley, Hungry for Trade, pp. 100–03.
32. The most comprehensive treatment of these complex issues is Edith Terry, How Asia Got Rich (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2002).
33. Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999), pp. 112–13.
34. Fishman, “Making a Killing,” p. 41, n. 10; David Hale, “Will Argentina Recover without the IMF?” Zurich Financial Services, December 20, 2002. Hale is chief economist for Zurich Financial Services.
35. De Rivero, Myth of Development, p. 17.
36. Robert Naiman (Center for Economic and Policy Research), “Secrecy at the IFIs [international financial institutions],” Progressive Response 5:38 (November 13, 2001); and Bello, Future in the Balance, pp. 28–29.
37. Focus on Trade, January 2002; and James Harding, “Globalizations Children Strike Back,” Financial Times, September 11, 2001.
38. Robert B. Zoellick, “American Trade Leadership: What Is at Stake?” Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, September 24, 2001.
39. Thomas Friedman, “Senseless in Seattle,” New York Times, December 1,1999; and Peter Wahl, “European Social Forum,” Focus on Trade, no. 83 (December 2002).
40. See J. Bradford DeLong, “The Meltzer Report,” <http://www.j-bradford- delong.net/TotW/meltzer.html>; Christian Weller, “Meltzer Report Misses the Mark: Commission’s Recommendations for World Bank, IMF Need Further Consideration,” Economic Policy Institute, Issue Brief 141, April 13, 2000 ; and Bello, Future in the Balance, pp. xiv, 60.
41. Shihoko Goto, “Argentina’s Menem Says Woes Not His Fault,” Washington Times, June 12, 2002.
42. See the important analysis of John Feffer, “Militarization in the Age of Globalization,” Foreign Policy in Focus, November 6, 2001. Also see William Pfaff, “Bush Team’s Military Focus Is Skewing
