Математика космоса

recent work with more realistic models, see: M. Proctor. Dynamo action and the Sun, EAS Publ. Ser. 21 (2006) 241–273.13. Чужие миры

X. Dumusque and 10 others. An Earth-mass planet orbiting α Centauri B, Nature 491 (2012) 207–211.

V. Rajpaul, S. Aigrain, and S. J. Roberts. Ghost in the time series: no planet for Alpha Cen B, arXiv:1510.05598; Mon. Not. RAS, in press.

Z. K. Berta-Thompson and 20 others. A rocky planet transiting a nearby low-mass star, Nature 527 (2015) 204–207.

E. Thommes, S. Matsumura, and F. Rasio. Gas disks to gas giants: Simulating the birth of planetary systems, Nature 321 (2008) 814–817.

M. Hippke and D. Angerhausen. A statistical search for a population of exo-Trojans in the Kepler dataset, ArXiv:1508.00427 (2015).

M. Lachmann, M. E. J. Newman, and C. Moore. The physical limits of communication, Working paper 99–07–054, Santa Fe Institute 2000.

I. N. Stewart. Uninhabitable zone, Nature 524 (2015) 26.

P. S. Behroozi and M. Peeples. On the history and future of cosmic planet formation, Mon. Not. RAS (2015); arXiv: 1508.01202.

D. Sasselov and D. Valencia. Planets we could call home, Scientific American 303 (August 2010) 38–45.

S. A. Benner, A. Ricardo, and M. A. Carrigan. Is there a common chemical model for life in the universe? Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 8 (2004) 676–680.

J. Stevenson, J. Lunine, and P. Clancy. Membrane alternatives in worlds without oxygen: Creation of an azotosome, Science Advances 1 (2015) e1400067.

J. Cohen and I. Stewart. Evolving the Alien, Ebury Press, London, 2002.

W. Bains. Many chemistries could be used to build living systems, Astrobiology 4 (2004) 137–167.

J. von Neumann. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1966.

14. Темные звезды

R. Penrose. Conformal treatment of infinity, in Relativity, Groups and Topology (ed. C. de Witt and B. de Witt), Gordon and Breach, New York, 1964, pp. 563–584; Gen. Rel. Grav. 43 (2011) 901–922.

Animations of what it would look like when passing through these wormholes can be found at https://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/penrose.html

B. L. Webster and P. Murdin. Cygnus X-1 — a spectroscopic binary with a heavy companion? Nature 235 (1972) 37–38. H. L. Shipman, Z. Yu, and Y. W. Du. The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus X-1: Evidence for a black hole, Astrophys. Lett. 16 (1975) 9–12.

P. Mazur and E. Mottola. Gravitational condensate stars: An alternative to black holes, arXiv: gr-qc/0109035 (2001).

15. Клубки и войды

Colin Stuart. When worlds collide, New Scientist (24 October 2015) 30–33.

N. J. Cornish, D. N. Spergel, and G. D. Starkman. Circles in the sky: finding topology with the microwave background radiation, Classical and Quantum Gravity 15 (1998) 2657–2670. J. R. Weeks. Reconstructing the global topology of the universe from the cosmic microwave background, Classical and Quantum Gravity 15 (1998) 2599–2604.

16. Космическое яйцо

Planck collaboration (numerous authors). Planck 2013 results XVI: Cosmological parameters, Astron. & Astrophys. 571 (2014); arXiv:1303.5076.

M. Alcubierre. The warp drive: hyper-fast travel within general relativity, Classical and Quantum Gravity 11 (1994). L73–L77. S. Krasnikov. The quantum inequalities do not forbid spacetime shortcuts, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 104013.

17. Большое раздувание

D. J. Fixsen. The temperature of the cosmic microwave background, Astrophys. J. 707 (2009) 916–920. Другие цифры, упомянутые в тексте, являются историческими оценками, теперь устаревшими.

Terry Pratchett, Ian Stewart, and Jack Cohen. The Science of Discworld IV: Judgement Day, Ebury, London, 2013.

Penrose’s work is reported in: Paul Davies. The Mind of God, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1992.

G. F. R. Ellis. Patchy solutions, Nature 452 (2008) 158–161. G. F. R. Ellis. The universe seen at different scales, Phys. Lett. A 347 (2005) 38–46.

T. Buchert. Dark energy from structure: a status report, T. Gen. Rel. Grav. 40 (2008) 467–527.

J. Smoller and B. Temple. A one parameter family of expanding wave solutions of the Einstein equations that induces an anomalous acceleration into the standard model of cosmology, arXiv:0901.1639.

R. R. Caldwell. A gravitational puzzle, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A 369 (2011) 4998–5002.

R. Durrer. What do we really know about dark energy? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A 369 (2011) 5102–5114.

Marcus Chown. End of the beginning, New Scientist (2 July 2005) 30–35.

D. J. Fixsen. The temperature of the cosmic microwave background, Astrophys. J. 707 (2009) 916–920.

S. Das, Quantum Raychaudhuri equation, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 084068. A. F. Ali and S. Das. Cosmology from quantum potential, Phys. Lett. B 741 (2015) 276–279.

Jan Conrad. Don’t cry wolf, Nature 523 (2015) 27–28.

18. Темная сторона

K. N. Abazajian and E. Keeley. A bright gamma-ray galactic center excess and dark dwarfs: strong tension for dark matter annihilation despite Milky Way halo pro le and di use emission uncertainties, arXiv: 1510.06424 (2015).

G. R. Ruchti and 28 others. The Gaia-ESO Survey: a quiescent Milky Way with no significant dark/stellar accreted disc, Mon. Not. RAS 450 (2015) 2874–2887.

S. Clark. Mystery of the missing matter, New Scientist (23 April 2011) 32–35. G. Bertone, D. Hooper, and J. Silk. Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints, Phys. Rep. 405 (2005) 279–390.

J. D. Bekenstein, Relativistic gravitation theory for the modified Newtonian dynamics paradigm, Physical Review D 70 (2004) 083509.

D. Clowe, M. Bradač, A. H. Gonzalez, M. Markevitch, S. W. Randall, C. Jones, and D. Zaritsky. A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter, Astrophys. J. Lett. 648 (2006) L109.

http://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/moti_bullet.html

S. Clark. Mystery of the missing matter, New Scientist (23 April 2011) 32–35.

J. M. Ripalda. Time reversal and negative energies in general relativity, arXiv: gr-qc/9906012 (1999).

D. G. Saari. Mathematics and the ‘dark matter’ puzzle, Am. Math. Mon. 122 (2015) 407–423.

19. За пределами Вселенной

B. Greene. The Hidden Reality, Knopf, New York, 2011.

B. Greene. The Hidden Reality, Knopf, New York, 2011, p. 154.

L. Carroll. The Hunting of the Snark, online free at https://www.gutenberg.org/les/13/13-h/13-h.htm

G. F. R. Ellis. Does the multiverse really exist? Sci. Am. 305 (August 2011) 38–43.

O. Romero-Isart, M. L. Juan, R. Quidant, and J. I. Cirac. Toward quantum superposition of living organisms, New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 033015.

J. Foukzon, A. A. Potapov, and S. A. Podosenov. Schrödinger’s cat paradox