no doubt of that. But when I myself reach the top, I shall act like Augustus. And I shall do so for no selfish reason, but because Rome requires it. I have seen our greatness in the East, and I know that when Virgil had the gods promise Aeneas 'limitless empire', they promised what was good for the world. But now, here, we slide back into the sterile contest between factions, indifferent to the civilising mission of Rome.'
Then he spoke of the Jewish Revolt, and of the Jews themselves. They were, he said, a remarkable people, remarkable for the intensity and narrowness of their views. They held, he told me, that they were the chosen people of the one true god. It was nonsense, of course. Everyone knew that the gods were many – or none; and that they aligned themselves with different races and individuals, quarrelling among themselves, if the poets were to be believed. He smiled to show that in his opinion such credulity was fit only for children. And yet he couldn't but admire these narrow bigots of Jews. 'There is,' he remarked, 'something splendid in their obstinate stupidity.' They made, too, for worthy adversaries. Naturally, Rome would crush them. 'I shall destroy their temple myself,' he said, 'but only because their monotheism and intolerance have no place in our Empire – as I understand it. All the same I can't but admire them, they die so well.'
So we talked, long into the night. The city fell to a murmur beyond us. Titus, drinking two cups of wine to every one I drank, exposed his deepest thoughts and ambitions to me. Yet, as the night wore on, and the first shafts of light awoke the morning sky, I felt him grow away from me. He had experienced what I had only imagined. He was hard and foreign to me. I was glad when, a day or two later, he left Rome and returned to his Jewish War. The last thing he said was: 'I've stopped my uncle's meddling in my career. That's what I came home to do. Remember, I rely on you to keep me posted – and try to keep my little brother out of mischief.'
XII
You will have, Tacitus, your own version of the events of that January, and I have no doubt it will be more favourable to Galba than my memories. All the more reason to offer you what will not please you. A historian should not be a partisan of one party in the State. What will you say of Otho, I wonder? I can't imagine you will find much to praise there.
Yet Otho was not wholly contemptible. I have that from my mother who had known him as a young man. She used to say that there was nothing malicious in his wildness; that his manners were naturally good; and that his wit was delightful.
The family was distinguished, boasting descent from the old Etruscan royal house. Of course, I know that the further back you go, the more distinguished ancestry usually becomes. But people seem to have accepted them for what they said they were, even though our Otho's father, Lucius, was reputed to be the bastard son of the Emperor Tiberius, whom he resembled in appearance. Our Otho -Marcus Salvius – was born while Tiberius was still alive, in the year that Camillus Arruntius and Domitius Ahenobarbus were Consuls. His father frequently rebuked him for wildness – he used to stalk the city at night with a gang of friends and toss any drunks or disabled men they encountered in a blanket, just for fun. When his father died, leaving him already in debt – for the father was as good at wasting money as the son, though he did so by silly investments rather than extravagance – the young man pretended to have a passion for one of the Empress' freedwomen who was ugly as sin and twenty years older than he was. Naturally this made him an object of mockery: he didn't care. It had secured him entry to the inner circle of the Empress Agrippina, and so he was able to become a bosom friend of her son Nero. It was difficult to say which of them showed a greater talent for debauchery. Yet my mother has always said that Otho was essentially good-hearted. And her judgement is to be respected.
The day Nero had fixed for the murder of Agrippina, Otho provided a distraction by hosting a lavish luncheon party. This doesn't mean that he necessarily knew of Nero's proposed crime. It could be coincidence. Certainly Agrippina had never ceased to show her liking for Otho.
Later Otho went through a form of marriage with Poppaea Sabina, who was already Nero's mistress. I put it like that because that was the way people used to describe it. But, in my opinion, Otho and Poppaea were really in love. Only they couldn't escape Nero. Certainly, I have heard that from the first night Otho bedded Poppaea he conceived a violent hatred and jealousy of the Emperor; Poppaea was beautiful as whatever you like, and not a woman any man of spirit would willingly share, especially with a creature like Nero.
He even tried to keep Nero from Poppaea, and so was charged with adultery – his partner being his own wife. Absurd, isn't it? Given your views, Tacitus, you should have some fun with this situation.
Whether because he still had some affection for him, or because he feared other consequences, Nero didn't have Otho murdered. Instead he despatched him to Lusitania as Governor – and forbade him to take his wife with him. There was nothing Otho could do but submit and, though he may have been distressed to abandon Poppaea, he was quite happy to leave his creditors behind. Lusitania wasn't a disagreeable posting, even for a dandy like Otho; and by all accounts he governed the province with restraint and good judgement.
He was one of the first to join Galba in revolt, probably because he had never forgiven Nero for kicking Poppaea to death. (She was pregnant at the time, but I am assured that the child couldn't have been Otho's. Or Nero's for that matter; he was sterile by then, a judgement of the gods whom he had outraged, some say.)
No doubt another reason for adhering to Galba was that an astrologer had assured Otho that he was destined to be Emperor and he thought also that Galba, being old, could be persuaded to adopt him as his successor. What he hadn't reckoned on was that, first, as soon as he returned to Rome, he would be beset by his creditors demanding payment of loans swollen huge by unpaid interest; and, second, that neither Icelus nor Laco supported his claim.
I don't know what their objections were, and can assume only that they thought Otho hostile to them, or too strong-minded to be controlled by them.
That then was the situation when word came during the first week of January that the German legions had rejected Galba, and had asked the Guards to choose an Emperor.
The word straightaway went round that Galba intended to strengthen his position by associating a younger colleague with him in the Empire. After all, he was held to believe, it was only his age that caused men to hesitate to commit themselves to his cause. Once the succession was assured they would naturally do so. He was encouraged in this belief by Laco and Icelus, whose own continued power depended entirely on his, and also by the Consul T. Vinius, a man of inordinate ambition, with a reputation for double-dealing. The question was: whom would the old man select?
Everyone discussed the probabilities. Domitian was so carried away by the excitement that, absurdly, he even put himself in the aged Emperor's way, addressing him in a flattering poem (written unfortunately in limping hexameters, for, unlike me, he had never benefitted from our rhetoric master, and could not turn an elegant verse). When I told him, roundly, with that candour which has always been my wont, that his hopes were ridiculous, since, in the first place, Galba had no reason to choose him and, in the second, even if by some miracle he did so, then his father Vespasian would not permit him to assume so dangerous a role, he bit his lip till the blood started from it, and his tongue flicked out to lick the blood away.
I mention this incident, trivial as it was, merely to remind you, Tacitus, that those January days were ones when even the most absurd and outrageous of possibilities seemed, to many, not improbable.
Had Galba had his wits about him, or even had he been left by his courtiers in possession of such wits as remained to him, he would have selected Otho, without whose support and help he would never have been able to seize the purple. But, as I say, Laco and Icelus disliked Otho. Some claim that they resented the fact that one so effeminate in manner and certain habits as Otho (he was, you will recall, accustomed to shave all his body-hair, and scented himself like a Corinthian brothel-boy), should have been indifferent to their charms. But I think this nonsense. The real reason was that they were determined to choose a successor whom they could control as they controlled Galba; and they knew that Otho would not permit this. The Consul T. Vinius did favour Otho, but, finding opinion against him, kept his views to himself, an act of prudence which would cost him dear; nevertheless he opened secret negotiations with Otho.
My source for this information is, or rather was, Flavius Sabinus. Later Titus confirmed what his uncle had said.
Otho fully expected that Galba would select him; and he had reason for his confidence. This led him to give assurances to his creditors that he would soon be in a position to satisfy them. Which promise added to his
