7. “The Defeat Seemed like the End of the World”
“There are 100,000 people here”: Address by Walter White, Lincoln Memorial, June 29, 1947, President’s Committee on Civil Rights file, Clark Clifford papers, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/address-given-walter-white-lincoln-memorial.
“Every man . . . should have the right”: Address Before the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, June 29, 1947, Public Papers, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/130/address-national-association-advancement-colored-people.
“I said what I did”: Walter Francis White, A Man Called White: The Autobiography of Walter White (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), p. 348.
“devastating broadside at the”: “The Watchtower,” Los Angeles Sentinel, March 18, 1948.
“stand guard”: “Southerners Plan Senate Filibuster on Rights Program,” New York Times, March 7, 1948.
“the rule of our Government”: “Convention to Succeed—Thompson,” Atlanta Constitution, April 24, 1947.
“The world seems to be”: Harry Truman to Bess Truman, September 22, 1947, Papers of Harry S. Truman Pertaining to Family, Business, and Personal Affairs, Box 16, Truman archives.
MR. PRESIDENT: VETO THE: “Mayor, at AFL Rally, Warns Bill Will Stamp Out Freedom,” New York Times, June 5, 1947.
startling, dangerous, far-reaching: Veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill, June 20, 1947, Public Papers, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/120/veto-taft-hartley-labor-bill.
“The defeat . . . seemed like”: Jack Redding, Inside the Democratic Party (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), p. 79.
“maximum protection . . . be afforded”: Executive Order 9835, March 21, 1947, Executive Orders, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/executive-orders/9835/executive-order-9835.
“awakened the people of North”: Book review, “Decline and Fall of a Russian Idol . . . by Igor Guozenko,” New York Times, July 18, 1954.
“It was a political problem”: David McCullough interview with Clark Clifford, quoted in McCullough, Truman, p. 553.
“a campaign of terror unequaled”: “Wallace Hits Denial of Civil Rights,” Gazette and Daily (York, PA), September 20, 1947.
“Not even liberty seemed simple”: Jonathan Daniels, The Man of Independence (New York: Kennikat, 1971), p. 346.
“I think I am one of”: Eddie Jacobson to Harry Truman, October 3, 1947, President’s Secretary’s Files, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/correspondence-between-harry-s-truman-and-eddie-jacobson?documentid=NA&pagenumber=2.
“Clark, I am impressed with”: Clifford, Counsel to the President, pp. 5–6.
“There is no question in my”: Diary entry of James Forrestal, November 12, 1947, in Forrestal, The Forrestal Diaries, p. 344.
8. “Dewey’s Hat Is Tossed into Ring”
“We are here to pledge our”: “Dewey’s Hat Is Tossed into Ring,” New York Times, June 13, 1947.
“That was a charming”: Ibid.
“I was like a trainer with”: “Edwin Jaeckle, 97, Lawyer and Backer of Thomas Dewey,” New York Times, May 16, 1992.
“Reorganization of the national party”: Brownell, Advising Ike, p. 67.
“For many voters”: Ibid., p. 70.
“Anti-Marshall Plan Committee”: Robert Taft to Frank Gannett, December 26, 1947, in The Papers of Robert Taft, vol. 3, p. 352.
“The solution of many”: Robert Taft, Address to the John Marshall Club, St. Louis, MO, December 30, 1947, ibid., p. 362.
“very clumsy Republicans”: Thomas E. Dewey speech, The Public Papers of Thomas E. Dewey (New York: Williams, 1944), p. 774.
“The general issue [is] between people”: “Taft Enters Race to Head GOP Slate,” Los Angeles Times, October 25, 1947.
“There will be violent”: Ibid.
“I think we are going to have”: William Randolph Hearst to Richard Berlin, March 1948, quoted in David Pietrusza, 1948: Harry Truman’s Improbable Victory and the Year That Transformed America’s Role in the World (New York: Union Square, 2011), p. 135.
“The USSR does not propose”: “Full Text of Ex-Gov. Stassen’s 80-Minute Talk with Premier Stalin in Moscow,” Boston Daily Globe, May 4, 1947.
“The document was sensational”: Jack Redding, Inside the Democratic Party (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), p. 55.
“Among the rank and file”: Pietrusza, 1948: Harry Truman’s Improbable Victory, p. 91.
“From my point of view”: Thomas Dewey to John Taber, June 7, 1948, Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Series 5, Box 186.
“The Kremlin will make no serious”: Memorandum to Thomas Dewey dated November 15, 1947, ibid., Series 2, Box 28.
9. “Wall Street and the Military Have Taken Over”
“Thousands of people all”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, pp. 456–57.
“The lukewarm liberals sitting”: “Text of Wallace Third Party Speech,” Washington Post, December 30, 1947.
“Henry A. Wallace’s hat-in-the-ring”: Edward Folliard, “Wallace Move Overjoys GOP, White House Indifferent,” Washington Post, December 30, 1947.
“New reinforcements”: Americans for Democratic Action report, “Henry A. Wallace: The First Three Months,” p. 3, Research Files, 1948 Election Campaign File, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/henry-wallace-first-three-months?documentid=NA&pagenumber=3.
“What do the Communists”: “Matter of Fact: Squeeze Play,” Washington Post, January 2, 1948.
“If the Communists want to”: “Wallace Sees End of Chiang Regime,” New York Times, May 22, 1948.
“seeing more and more of”: Thomas W. Devine, Henry Wallace’s 1948 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Postwar Liberalism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013), p. 44.
“stage managers”: “Calling Washington: Wallace’s Stage Managers,” Washington Post, July 24, 1948.
“self-admitted espionage agent”: FBI memorandum January 29, 1959, FBI file of John Abt.
“reportedly in contact with”: Ibid.
“brushed aside my concerns”: John J. Abt, with Michael Myerson, Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1993), p. 144.
also named Pressman: FBI memorandums, December 28, 1954, and January 29, 1959, FBI file of John Abt.
“all progressive men and women”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 434.
“The facts . . . are”: Abt, Advocate and Activist, p. 149.
“As you are undoubtedly”: SAC, Washington Field to Director, FBI, June 3, 1947, FBI file of Henry Wallace.
“All I said . . . was that there”: Reminiscences of Henry Agard Wallace: oral history, 1953 (transcript), Columbia University Libraries, Center for Oral History, p. 5080.
“I certainly told him before”: Reminiscences of Calvin Benham Baldwin: oral history, 1951 (transcript), ibid., pp. 17–18.
“I have been thinking of”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 134.
“flaming one” . . . “sour one”: Ibid., p. 135.
“unsigned, undated notes”: Reminiscences of Henry Agard Wallace, Columbia University Center for Oral History, p. 5107.
“The gist of the whole thing”: Ibid., p. 5110.
“There must be no publicity”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 143.
“It is highly essential that”: Diary entry of Henry A. Wallace, June 15, 1942, The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry Wallace, 1942–1946 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 91.
“Some have spoken of the”: “Century of the Common Man,” Henry A. Wallace speech, May 8, 1942, YouTube video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAKrIdSPkHI.
“the boomerang throwing mystic”: George E. Allen, Presidents Who Have Known Me (New York: Simon & Schuster,
